No. 50.] 
75 
to be ranked among the most important springs of this class in the 
United States. 
Bog iron ore is said to occur in considerable abundance in this county, 
and if we add to this an unimportant locality of coal, we have noticed 
all the mineral substances which are at present known to exist in it. 
MADISON COUNTY, 
Two very important mineral productions were at an early period dis- 
covered in this county, viz. gypsum and water limestone. Both of 
them have been found in abundance and have been a source of wealth 
to its citizens. The contiguity of these localities to the Erie canal, 
affords facilities not often possessed for transporting the surplus to dis- 
tant parts of the State. A particular account of the gypsum beds and 
water limestone quarries of this county will be found in my last annual 
report. 
Another mineral which is here abundant, and which in some parts 
of the State would be thought invaluable, is marl. There is a deposit 
of it near Chittenango, and Mr. Vanuxem informs us that the Cowasa- 
lon swamp, which contains about ten thousand acres, is a vast accumu- 
lation of marl, of unascertained depth.* Besides this, most of the 
ponds in this county have bottoms of the same substance. 
Some years since borings were made for salt water in Lenox, but 
although brine was found, the enterprize proved disastrous to those who 
were engaged in it. 
Bog iron ore has been found in various parts of this county, but not 
in abundance. 
There are two important sulphur springs near Chittenango. They 
are highly charged with gas, are pleasantly situated, and rank next to 
the Avon springs in the quantity of water which they yield. 
To the scientific, as well as merely curious traveller, the vicinity of 
Chittenango has for many years possessed considerable interest in con- 
sequence of the singular and abundant specimens of calcareous tufa 
which are there found. The petrified tree, so long known, has indeed 
disappeared, bat the whole base of the hill opposite to the village still 
exhibits specimens of a similar kind. These too appear Yo be continu- 
* New-York Geological Reports, 1839, p. 280, 
