so [Assembly 
Sulphur springs occur near the Falls of Niagara, at Lockport, and 
elsewhere in this county. Some of them are well charged with gas, 
and hold in solution small quantities of sulphate of magnesia. To these 
may also be added, a chalybeate spring, some unimportant brine springs, 
and a gas spring, so called ; from the latter of which, carburetted hy- 
drogen gas is evolved in considerable abundance. 
I should not omit to state, that beautiful geodes of crystallized quartz, 
sometimes passing into calcedony and agate, are found near Niagara 
Falls ; and Mr. Vanuxem has observed minute quantities of copper py- 
rites and green carbonate of copper at Lockport. 
ONEIDA COUNTY. 
The mineralogy of this county is in many respects similar to that of 
the counties which lie west of it. Several important and useful pro- 
ducts occur in it in great abundance. Among these may be enumerat- 
ed the argillaceous clay iron ore in beds from twelve to twenty inches 
in thickness. The character of this ore is so well established that seve- 
ral furnaces are supplied with it from this county. Gypsum also is 
found here in beds of vast extent, especially on Oneida creek. To 
these may be added water limestone of which according to Mr. Van- 
uxem there are immense series ; and peat and marl are said, also, to 
occur in this county. 
Oneida county is plentifully supplied with mineral springs of various 
kinds. Sulphur springs are quite numerous ; weak brine springs are 
occasionally found, and near Vernon village, carburetted hydrogen gas 
issues through a spring at the rate of about a gallon a minute.* It 
burns with a flame of a reddish white colour. 
The following are also to be included among the minerals of this 
county : 
Anthracite — In small quantities. 
Sulphate of barytes, sometimes called Barystrontianite — Near Ham- 
ilton College. 
Calcareous spar, sometimes presenting interesting forms — Several 
localities. 
Sulphate of magnesia — In solution, in springs. 
Quartz, crystallized, and massive. 
* Eaton, in Silliman's Journal, XV. 236. 
