No. 50.] 241 
At Lawrence's works, there are two blocks of kilns, one containing 
6 kilns and the other 7. The quarries, kihis, mills for grinding, and 
barrel factory, are almost contiguous, and on the banks of the Dela- 
ware and Hudson canal. These works economize labor and transpor- 
tation more than any others I have seen connected with the cement ma- 
nufacture, and they turn off from 1,500 to 3,000 barrels of cement per 
week. 
The cement business of Ulster county gives direct employment to 
at least 700 men, as quarrymen, burners, teamsters, millers, packers, 
coopers, and those engaged in transporting the article to New-York ; 
and indirectly it affords employment and profit to many others. 
When making the reconnoisance, soon after the commencement of 
the survey, this business had but commenced, and there was no cement 
manufactured on the Rondout, except at Lawrenceville, and there, but 
few kilns were in operation. It was not then known to the inhabitants 
that the cement rock was abundant, except at and near those quarries, 
until some of them were then informed of its inexhaustible quantities. 
Even now, few are aware of the great extent of this rock, and still 
few^er understand how to trace out the situation of favorably located 
new quarries. 
The cement beds and overlying limestones, up the valley of the Ron- 
dout, (and in fact north to New^-Baltimore,) are very much broken up, 
upheaved, overturned even, and contorted very much. As the facts 
connected with this derangement of the strata have a practical bearing, 
in exposing the cement beds so as to render them capable of being 
worked with the minimum expense, in a multitude of localities where 
they w^ould not otherwise be accessible, it is thought proper to introduce 
some details that would, under other circumstances, have been reserv- 
ed for the final report. 
Between Kingston and Wilbur, the strata are very much broken and 
contorted, having been traversed by numerous extensive faults and disrup- 
tions ;and where these have not occurred, the strata are bent and contort- 
ed in a remarkable manner. At some of the quarries on the hill near Wil- 
bur, the strata approach to a horizontal position, but they bend down 
more and more, until they pitch under the Rondout river, at angles of 
40° to 50° and 60°. On the opposite shore, the same strata show 
[Assembly, No, 50.] 81 
