242 
[Assembly 
their broken ends on the mural precipice that rises from the water, and 
their dip is shght, and in the same direction as the more moderate dip 
at the quarries on the top of the hill. The river here flows along a 
line of fault. 
At White's quarries, which are numerous, the rocks generally dip to 
the east-southeast, at angles from 35° to 45° ; but there are some, where 
the strata are nearly vertical ; in one they are reversed and dip 75° to 
85° degrees to the west-northwest, and in one they are nearly horizon- 
tal. There are generally two or three strata of the cement rock with 
seams of calcareous slate or shale between, varying from four to twen- 
ty feet thick ; and again, other strata of the cement are separated by 
strata of limestone twenty or thirty feet thick. Each hill seems to have 
been formed by the strata cracking in parallel lines, and then being up- 
heaved or down-heaved on one side or on a diagonal line, while the op- 
posite side or angle remained fixed. The same strata are seen in each 
hill and in the same order of succession, except in some few cases of 
overturn, where the strata are reversed. 
On Pine mountain, between Rondout and Kingston point, is a high 
cliff of limestone overlaying the gray grits of the Hudson slate series. 
The strata of these grits are from 8 to 20 inches thick, homogenous in 
texture, and divided into blocks by joints, which traverse the rocks in 
parallel directions with regard to the planes of stratification. The strata 
of this rock here dip to the east-southeast at angles of 40° to 60°. The 
overlaying limestone along the brow of the hill and at the cement beds 
of Hasbrouck's quarries* dip about 80° west-northwest, and this dip con- 
tinues nearly uniform along this fine of upheave to the " High-Rocks" 
above Kingston point. 
At Lawrence's quarry, opposite "Wilbur, at the southwest end of the 
limestone hill on the right bank of the Rondout, is a fine exposure of the 
different strata, and the' Hudson slates are seen unconformable^ below 
the limestones. 
The following is an approximative section of the rocks at the south- 
southwest end of that hill. 
* Mr, Hasbrouck has three quarries leased out on Pine mountain, between Rondout 
and Kingston point. One of them 650 feet in length is leased for $250 per annum, and 
yields about 40 tons of cement rock per diem, which is sent to Newark, New-Jersey to 
be burned. 
