FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 
Of the Geological Survey of the Third District, by 
Lardner Vanuxem. 
This report, in accordance with the plan of the survey, must form 
the last of the annual ones, the four years allotted to the survey ending 
on the first day of July next ; and on the completion of the final report 
of the district, which will be the next in order, our engagement with 
the State will be at an end. It is evident, from the number of rocks 
and groups of rocks in this district, that there was much to do, and 
the time given to perform the work comparatively limited ; much de- 
tail, therefore, will for the present remain unknown, though much will 
be known ; yet it is better to bring the survey to a close at the time 
specified, even though not perfected, than to prolong it to another peri- 
od. What remains unfinished, can be finished by the person or cura- 
tor who may have charge of the State collection. 
That a vast mass of facts will have been collected and presented to 
the pubUc, there can be no doubt ; the whole of the rocks, their charac- 
ters, both mineral and fossil, likewise their mineral associates, will be 
known ; their order of succession, also, and their geographical distribu- 
tion. Much light will be thrown upon an early period, and one of long 
duration in the world's eventful history, and important light, too, which 
must be known, if we wish to acquire knowledge of the ways of its 
Creator, exemplified as they are in his marvellous works. 
Our former reports embraced the counties of Montgomery, Fulton, 
Herkimer, Oneida, Oswego, Madison, Onondaga, Cayuga, and some 
parts of the more southern counties of the district. To complete the 
report of the northern counties, there yet remains Lewis and Otsego; the 
former county we shall report in brief, and leave the latter one for the 
final report, not having sufiiciently examined its northern edge and its 
eastern limits. The latter forming, as they do, a part of the boundary 
between the first and third geological districts, we have proposed with 
