No. 50.] 
411 
On the little Genesee, a few rods north of the Pa. Hne, sandstone 
and shale with fossils appear in place ; this is at nearly the level of the 
stream, 200 or 300 feet below the conglomerate. I saw, also some 
detached masses, resembling the red rock at Wellsville, and a reddish 
soil which may be caused by the outcrop and disintegration of the 
same stratum. Along the southern line of the county the rocks are 
interrupted by the valley of the Oswaya creek ; and thus we have no 
means of tracing their continuation or connexion with the formations of 
Pennsylvania. 
The valleys being high, the elevation of the hills above them is less 
than in the northern part of the county ; the slopes are less abrupt, and 
deep ravines fewer ; consequently we have not the same facilities for 
examination. In this region of country the hills have been fashioned 
by the water-courses, ancient and modern ; in primitive countries the 
position of the mountains has given direction to the streams. 
At several places in the western part of this county, as at Cuba, we 
find rocks of shale and sandstone similar to those already described ; 
and quarries are opened to some extent.* About 50 or 60 feet of rocks 
of shale and sandstone, some of the latter concretionary, are seen in 
the banks of a small stream at Bissell's quarry, a mile southeast of the 
village. The harder portions are used for cellars, &c. At another quar- 
ry south of the village, on the land of Ira Weaver, some of the sandstone 
has been used for grindstones ; the rocks contain large numbers of 
Leptaena and Delthyris. 
AW the rocks in this vicinity are highly bituminous ; and the last 
named quariy is not more than half a mile from the famed oil spring, 
which will be mentioned in another place. 
West of the village of Cuba is another more extensive quarry on the 
land of Judge Chamberlayne ; this affords sandstone in thicker masses, 
and better fitted for building than the others. 
Between Cuba and Friendship rocks scarcely appear in place, though 
they are not far beneath the surface. In most of the high grounds of 
the southern counties the soil is shallow ; the substratum being but a 
few feet beneath it. 
* Mr. Talcott, resident engineer, politely accompanied me to the principal quarries 
in this vicinity. 
