No. 50.] 
413 
render the rock unfit for grindstones. The quarry has not been opened 
to any considerable extent, but is favorably situated for working, being 
on a triangular point of a hill, at the junction of the ravine with the val- 
ley of the creek. 
In the southeast part of Machias, on lots No. 3, 11, and 19, there 
is an extensive outcropping of a thick mass of sandstone ; it extends 
along the northern escarpment of a hill for more than half a mile. The 
whole thickness of the mass could not be readily ascertained, but it is 
probably ten or fifteen feet, and in layers from one to four feet thick. 
This mass from being more indestructible than the shale above and 
below, has been left projecting beyond it, and has broken down in large 
masses for several rods in width along its line of outcrop, presenting 
an appearance like that on a lake or sea shore when a rock is under- 
mined and falls down. These fragments are from two to thirty or forty 
feet square, and split readily in any direction. The stone is coarse 
grained and rather friable, though it may be considered durable from 
remaining of such dimensions, though so long exposed to the weather. 
The dressed stone is delivered at the quarry at one shilling per foot, 
and the same at Ellicottville, sixteen miles distant, at four shillings 
per foot. I have seen no place in the southern counties where stone 
can be wrought with equal facility, or obtained of such dimensions. A 
few fragments of Delthyris are the only fossils found in this rock. This 
point is about sixteeen miles from the canal at Hinsdale. The stone is 
wrought principally at two quarries, one belonging to Mr. Butler, the 
other to Mr. Jewel. 
About one mile and a half west of Hinsdale village, on the road to 
Ellicottville, in the bank of a small stream, there are some thin layers 
of compact sandstone, and also micaceous and shaly sandstone of an 
olive colour. Leptasna and Delthyris are abundant in the rock at this 
place. Farther north, the same strata become concretionary. The 
Iscliua creek, one mile and a half above Hinsdale is crossed by rock, 
which causes a fall in the stream. Three miles north of Olean point, 
the rocks are exposed on the east side of the valley near the top of a 
hill ; a soft sandstone and sandy shale constitute the principal part of 
the mass. At several other places between Hinsdale and Olean, quar- 
ries might be opened with little labor. 
The channel of the Cattaraugus creek exposes the rocks of the Ca- 
shaqua and Gardeau groups, throughout the greater jpart of its course in 
