No. 50.] 
419 
The price of the stone lying in the quarry is fifty cents per cubic 
yard. Several thousand dollars worth of stone have been taken from 
this quarry w^ithin the two past years. 
From Christie's quarry the limestone pursues a northwesterly direc- 
tion ; passing just to the south of Caledonia village, it crosses the road 
a little west of that place, and pursues the same direction to the top of 
the terrace on the south side of Allen's creek. West and northwest of 
Caledonia, large numbers of fossils are found in this rock ; these con- 
sist of Cyathophyllites, Favosites, and othei corallines with Stropho- 
mena, Orthis, Delthyris, &c. In this part of the town the lowest por- 
tion of the rock is thick bedded and compact ; above this it contains a 
large proportion of hornstone, and in some places is composed almost 
entirely of that substance. Being in irregular shaped masses and sur- 
rounded by limestone, which decomposes on exposure, it is left scat- 
tered over the surface in rough and shapeless forms. These fragments 
are crossed in every direction by innumerable fissures which are ex- 
panded by freezing water, and the whole falls into small fragments, 
which in many places literally cover the surface for many acres. Where 
the road crosses this part of the rock it has the appearance of being 
made in a bed of flints. 
From the jagged and irregular appearance of the hornstone rock as 
it occurs in detached masses, it has received the familiar and express- 
ive name of " chawed rock.^'' This rock is the best material for road- 
making which western New-York affords. Where it approaches the 
surface the soil is rather barren, producing only a growth of dwarf oaks, 
but when there is a tolerable proportion of finer materials it produces 
a fertile soil. A large proportion of the native growth along this ter- 
race consists of oaks. 
In several places along this range of limestone there are appearances 
indicating uplifts in the strata, but the greater part if not all of these 
are fallacious, and caused merely by some of the strata being under- 
mined and afterwards having fallen down of their own weight. These 
points present a ridge of the rock dipping in two directions, but in all 
those which I have examined, the dip to the north is abrupt and the 
rock terminates within a short distance. In some places there are down- 
heaves of small extent, which have been caused by the solution and 
removal of the mass below, leaving that above to sink down. Notwith- 
standing this fact however, sink holes are of rare occurrence, through- 
