428 
[Assembly 
About two and a half miles north of the village of Leroy, and west 
of the creek, there is an extensive quarry, in the Onondaga Hmestone, 
belonging to Mr. Rich. The rock at this place appears in courses, 
varying from six inches to two feet ; it is almost wholly composed of 
fragments of encrini and other fossils, crystalline in texture, yet quite 
tough : the thick courses are often divided by seams ; these, when of 
clay, cause the blocks to separate, at other times produce no injury. 
From the quarry, the rock is taken to a mill a mile south of the village, 
and sawn into slabs and blocks ; it is afterwards polished and used 
for fire places, mantlepieces, &c. The polished stone has often a very 
beautiful appearance, and is highly prized by the collector, on account 
of displaying the internal structure of fossils cut through in the process. 
The crinoidal joints are often of a different color from the surround- 
ing mass, a variety w^hich increases the beauty of the stone. The po- 
lished slabs are sold from $1.00 to $1 .50 per surface foot ; the price 
varying with the labor bestowed. About $2,000 worth of the sawn 
stone is sold annually, besides several hundred dollars worth of the cut 
and rough stone of the quarry. Half a mile west of this quarry is 
another, from which, at the time I visited it, $800 worth of stone had 
been sold since the commencement of working it in the spring. 
The dip of the rock at Rich's quarry, is southeast about 10°. This 
is probably owing to local causes, as the removal of the rock beneath 
by the action of water. 
There are numerous places where quarries can be opened, when the 
demand for this kind of stone shall be sufficient ; these will all here- 
after, be a source of wealth to the owners of the soil, though it may be 
absurd to estimate their prospective value. 
Lime is burned at many points along this range, supplying the im- 
mediate neighborhood, and also the country north and south. A great 
proportion of lime used on the Genesee Valley canal, will necessarily 
be obtained from this range of rock, there being no source of lime south 
except the marl beds. In Stafford, Batavia^and Pembroke, this rock 
appears in very numerous localities. Two and a half miles from Ba- 
tavia village, and half a mile from the north hne of the town, a mass is 
exposed, being the hydraulic limestone, with some thin layers above, 
and the greater part consisting of the " chawed rock.^^ This latter is 
most annoying to the cultivator, and when it overspreads the surface 
in large masses, almost totally forbids cultivation. This is seen in se- 
