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propriated immediately and with great profit on most farms. The dis- 
cussion of its various uses and the modes of preparation as a manure, may 
be found in the last year's report of Prof. Emmons.* 
The occurrence of peat is generally indicated by the growth of 
dwarfish evergreens, and rank swamp herbage, and by the elasticity of 
the crust which supports them. 
Marl and Tufa. 
These deposits occupy in common with the clay, the superior place 
in the northern alluvium. 
The largest bed by far, yet discovered in the county, is some two 
miles from Lodi, upon a small branch of the Cattaraugus creek. It 
lies southeast from the village, and about a quarter of a mile from the 
mouth of the branch. It has been owned and worked successively by 
different individuals. A kiln has been erected a number of years, and 
several thousands of bushels have been burned annually. But recent- 
ly, great discredit has been brought upon the line of this locality by 
the too little attention to its burnings : so great as to induce purchasers 
to prefer going to Buffalo and Dunkirk for the stone lime rather than 
use it. If burned sufficiently, the tufa and marl limes are every way 
equal to the best of stone lime, except in solidity. From a safe esti- 
mate there are yet remaining 6,986 cubic yards, which, when burned, 
will furnish 151,590 bushels. 
This bed and all others that may hereafter be found, will require 
careful management to furnish the region looking to the nearest north- 
ern point for a supply. There are considerable quantities of the tufa 
at this bed, in a granular state ; which, when it shall be demanded by 
the scarcity of the compact variety, may perhaps be moulded into bricks 
by an admixture with the marl of some portions of the bed. Should 
the marl be found unfit for the purpose from its want of tenacity, the 
clay from the cliffs of the creek near may be used. 
In the east part of Otto, upon the land of Mr. Sias, is a bed of marl 
that has been worked during the last four or five years. It is spread 
over between three and four acres, and is from a few inches to four 
feet deep. About one thousand bushels have been burned annually. 
With this marl there are no foreign substances, except now and then a 
* Prof. Mather's report; page 216, contains two valuable letters upon this subject. 
