PRINCIPLES OF COLOR. 
31 
A very large number of pigments which are in general 
use, but which are really superfluous, can be exactly imi- 
tated by mixtures of those named in the foregoing list ; 
for example : — 
The cochineal reds (crimson-lake, carmine, scarlet-lake, etc.), 
by mixture of madder-carmine (or deep madder-lake) and scarlet- 
vermilion, in proper proportion. 
Bed-lead, Saturn-red, and orange-chrome, by combination of 
scarlet-vermilion and orange-cadmium ; the colors thus pro- 
duced being decidedly superior in working qualities to the pig- 
ments they are intended to replace, while they are at least 
equal in brilliancy. 
Purple-lake may be imitated by mixture of madder-carmine 
and lamp-black. 
Dragon's-blood red, by light vermilion and lamp-black. 
' Mars violet, by ultramarine blue (or Italian ultra) and light 
vermilion. 
Burnt madder-lalee, by madder-carmine and permanent blue. 
Purple (Schoenfeld's), by madder-carmine and Antwerp 
blue. 
Madder-violet (Chenal's), by Antwerp blue and rose-madder. 
Rubens' 8 madder, by madder-carmine and burnt sienna. 
Broivn madder, by madder-carmine, burnt sienna, and sepia. 
Burnt carmine, by madder-carmine and lamp-black. 
Violet carmine, by madder-carmine, lamp-black, and Antwerp 
blue. 
Dahlia carmine, by madder-carmine and lamp-black. 
Indigo, by Italian ultra or permanent blue and lamp-black. 
Middle cadmium, by orange-cadmium and pale cadmium. 
Olive-green (Schoenfeld's), by Italian ultra, lamp-black, pale 
cadmium, and sepia. 
Olive-green (Winsor & Newton's), by Antwerp blue, aureolin, 
lamp-black, and sepia. 
Dark aniline-blue and violet-ultramarine, by mixture of French 
blue and madder-carmine. 
