PIERm/E. 
53 
Tliere are many intermediate grades in both sexes, but I noticed 
at Knysna, in the Cape Colony, that while in the late spring and 
early summer the densely-irrorated form prevailed, in the autumn it 
was almost always the rather larger sparsely-irrorated specimens that 
were met with. A densely-irrorated received from Colonel Bowker, 
was taken at King William's Town, however, as late as I st May ; but 
in January and February 1870 all the examples I captured near 
Grahamstown were sparsely irrorated. In August 1865 I took a $ 
intermediate in irroration near D'Urban, Natal/ 
Charina is well distinguished fromFigea,Boisd., and Alha,'Wal\engr., 
by its smaller size and much more lustrous surface gloss in both sexes, 
and by the costal macular streak beyond the middle of the fore-wings 
in the ^, while its under side in both sexes, apart from the variable 
dark irroration, presents a dark terminal disco-cellular spot and several 
other dark marks in the basal area. There is no tendency to yellow 
on the upper side of the hind-wing of the ^ Charina, and on the 
under side, when a yellow tint prevails, it is exceedingly pale and dull. 
The figure (Plate X. fig. 4) represents a ^ of the densely-irrorated 
form, but does not give the under side with sufficient accuracy, the 
irrorations being much too rufous as well as the spots, and the latter 
on the disc being run together into a streak instead of being kept 
separate. 
"Wherever woods extend on the eastern side of South Africa this butterfly 
seems to be found in some abundance. It flies actively, and at Knysna I often 
observed a good many specimens congregated about flowering bushes. On the 
6th February 1870 I saw a large number, in company with even greater flights 
of P. Gidica and Severina, flying for some hours over the long hill at High- 
lands, near Grahamstown ; though all going onward in the same direction, 
many of them occasionally stopped to visit flowers, and then resumed their 
journey. Mrs. Barber informed me that at the beginning of ISTovember 1867 
immense flights of tliese three species, with the addition of many P. Zochaliaj 
passed over Highlands for three consecutive days in the same direction, not- 
withstanding several changes of wind during that time. 
I have not found any record of Charina' s occurrence beyond South Africa 
proper, but the very closely-related Simana, Hopffer, which is perhaps only 
a variety of Charina^ inhabits Tropical East Africa. 
Localities of Pier is Charina, 
1. South Africa. 
B. Cape Colony. 
a. Western Districts. — Knysna. Plettenberg Bay. 
6. Eastern Districts. Port Elizabeth {W. Urban). Uitenhage 
{S. D. Bairstow). Grahamstown. Kowie River (J. L. Fry), 
and Kleinemond River (H. J. Atlierston). Bathurst District. 
King William's Town {W. U Urban and H. Boiclcer). 
D. Kaffraria Proper. — Butterworth and Bashee River (J". H. Boivker). 
^ Two ($s from this locality, captured by Mr. A. D. Millar on 17th September 18S7, are 
also of this intermediate degree of under-side irroration. 
