PIERIN^. 
29 
as the upper, and sometimes sligtitly angulated ; internal nervnre ending 
about middle of inner margin. Legs moderately stout, scaly ; femora 
with a little hair basally beneath, about equal in length to tibi^ ; tarsi 
rather longer than tibias, both rather densely and strongly spinulose ; 
terminal spurs of hind-tibi^ very small, of middle ones obsolete. 
Ahdomen of moderate length, laterally compressed, much arched, 
larger posteriorly. 
Larva. — Of the ordinary Pierine form, rather attenuated poste- 
riorly ; clothed with longer hairs than usual in the Sub-Family. Food- 
plant Lomntlms (in the case of M. Agatliina). 
Pupa. — Head with frontal process long and recurved upward ; a 
dorsal series of prominent tubercles (larger on thorax) along middle 
line of back, and two laterally-projecting claw-shaped processes on 
each side of basal half of abdomen {M. Agatliina and Riqjpellii). 
I follow Mr. Butler in thinking that this remarkable section of the 
old genus Fieris is generically separable, considering not only the three- 
branched subcostal neuration of the fore-wings, but the peculiar fades 
and pattern.-^ The curiously tuberculated chrysalis is also a point to 
be taken into consideration, as well as the slow flight and apparent 
absence of the onward-moving Pierine habit. The few known species 
(about seven or eight) are confined to the Ethiopian Kegion, one (il/. 
Fhileris, Boisd.) being peculiar to Madagascar ; they are all closely 
allied. The three found in South Africa are 3£ Agatliina, (Cram.), 
which apparently ranges over all Tropical Africa; M. Trimenia, Butl., 
and M. Bilppellii, Koch, which are found in Eastern Africa as far 
northward as Abyssinia. These butterflies are of very plain pattern, 
the $ s being white above with small hind-marginal black spots ^ (Tri- 
menia, however, having lemon-yellow hind-wings, and Bilppellii a basal 
suffusion of orange-red in its fore-wings), while the ^ s are more or less 
deeply and broadly tinged with ochreous-yellow (in Trimenia entirely 
confined to the hind-wings), or with fuscous-grey, and usually have the 
hind-marginal spots rather enlarged. On the under side, Buijpcllii is 
almost the same as on the upper side, but Agatliinct and Trimenia have 
the hind-wings and the apex of fore-wings ochre-yellow, the former 
possessing a conspicuous orange-red basal suffusion in the fore-wings. 
It is of much interest to note that, like the allied slow-flying but more 
richly coloured species of the allied Oriental and Australian group, 
Thyca, Wallengr.,^ some kinds of Mylothris are the subjects of mimicry 
1 In Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, pp. 37, 38, Mr. Butler extended Mylothris to include 
the South -American P. Pyrrha, Fab., and allies ; but they do not seem at all closely related 
to the African species with which they are associated, and are usually separated by lepidop- 
terists under the genus Perrhybris. The 9 s of this group are noted for mimicry of various 
HeliconincG. 
2 In the West-African M. CMoris, (Fab.), the outer three-fifths of the whole area of the 
hind-wings is uniformly blackish on both surfaces. This species was included in my former 
work on the strength of Boisduval's giving " Natal " as one of its localities ; but I now omit 
it, seeing that no South-African example appears to be known. 
3 See Wallace, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 3d Ser., iv. pp. 309, 344, and 383. 
