i8 
SOUTH-AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 
at posterior angle. Hind-wing : blackish irroration usually denser tlian 
in fore-wing, except near costal margin ; dark border very variable, 
sometimes broader or considerably broader than in rarely narrower, 
always ending at extremity of first median nervule. Cilia of fore-wing 
more mixed with pale-yellow generally, and almost wholly pale-yellow 
about posterior angle. Under side. — Miick paler {in hind-wing com' 
monly with a whitish cast), with irroration of UacJcish atoms %isnally 
more 'pronounced ; markings as in ^. 
I followed Doubleday in referring this butterfly to Rahel^ Eab., in my work 
above quoted; but Fabricius' description [Ent. Syst, iii. i, p. 204, n. 367) is 
certainly not applicable to it, and Mr. Butler is apparently right in identifying 
the Bornean T. Tondana, Feld., with the Fabrician Rahel. 
Geyer, who undoubtedly figures {op. cit.) a small ^ from the Cape of Good 
Hope, refers it to the nearly-allied T. pulchella, Boisd., from Madagascar and 
Mauritius ; but, as I hold these forms to be distinct,^ I can only adopt the 
name of Zoe, given by Hopffer, who (02?. cit.) describes and figures a $ from 
Querimba, East Africa, differing in no respect that I can detect from many 
South- African specimens before me. 
M. Aurivillius kindly forwarded me a specimen of Wallengren's Drona {op. 
cit.), and I was thus enabled satisfactorily to determine it as the ordinary ^ 
Zoe. From the well-known and widely-spread Indian T. Drona of Horsfield, 
the South- African species is readily distinguished, as far as the $ is concerned, 
by its very much deeper yellow ground-colour (the $ Drona being nearly as 
pale as the $ Zoe), narrower and much duller blackish border, and less basal 
blackish. The ^ s of the two forms are, however, exceedingly close to each 
other ; but, as far as I have noticed, the Indian one has usually much fainter 
under-side markings. 
The intimate alliance between T. Zoe and T. Brigitta has already been 
pointed out {supra, p. 15), as well as the fact of the capture of an ordinary 
of the former paired with a ^ of the latter. I twice took the paired sexes of 
Zoe, on the same day (i8th March 1867), in Natal, and have since received 
from that Colony two pairs captured in coitu by Colonel Bowker, and one by 
Mr. J. M. Hutchinson ; in all these five cases, as well as in a sixth, where the 
paired sexes were captured in the Transvaal by Mr. W. Morant, the s do not 
vary, but the $ s exhibit the variations above described as regards both the 
development of the hind-wing border and the extent of fuscous irroration on 
the upper side. 
This gaily-hued little butterfly was numerous about open ground throughout 
such parts of Natal as I visited in the summer of 1867. It is conspicuous on 
the wing, and, while active, is not swift, but keeps near the ground, and often 
settles on flowers. Colonel Bowker found it " very common all over the Trans- 
Kei territory in summer and autumn, frequenting open grassy country." I 
have taken it near Port Elizabeth, and also about Grahamstown and the neigh- 
bourhood, but it was rather scarce in both places. The season during which I 
observed the species was from the end of January to the beginning of April ; 
1 The characters distinguishing T. pulchella, Boisd., though slight, appear to be remark- 
ably constant — a condition of value in such a genus as Terias. They are (in the S ) a much 
deeper yellow ground-colour on upper side, and a much broader border — near apex of hind- 
wing nearly twice as broad — of an intenser black, with the basal blackish of both wings 
very much darker ; while (in the 9 ) the border of the fore-wing, singularly enough, is con- 
spicuously narrower than in the 9 Zoe. On the under side both sexes of Pulchella are of a 
deeper yellow. In Mauritius, where I found this butterfly numerous, it appeared to be 
larger than the specimens usually received from Madagascar, and with the black border 
somewhat less broad. 
