PIERI^N^xE. 
5 
sexes of the Lyca3nide genera Dcloneum (apparently), Arrugia, and 
Zachnocnema ; and I understand that similar stri^cture has been found 
in some American Lymnidce. * 
Many of the most familiar forms among butterflies belong to the 
Fierince, such as the European " Garden Whites " (Fieris), " Orange- 
Tips" (Anthocharis), " Brimstones" (Gonepteryx), and Clouded Yel- 
lows" (Colias), and throughout the globe members of this Sub-Family 
are conspicuous by their abundance, activity, and prevalent tints of 
white or yellow. For by far the greater part they are insects of 
medium size, many being rather under than over it — such as the 
genera Terias, Fontia, Leticophasia, Anthocharis^ and Elodina. The 
American genus Nathcdis contains only two or three very small species, 
and some kinds of Terias expand only I J inches, but the dwarfs 
of the tribe are the South- American species of Leucidia (closely allied 
to Terias), which are less than an inch across the wings. The largest 
known Fierince {Heiomoia in the Oriental Kegion and Amynthia in 
the Neo-Tropical) do not expand above 4 inches. 
As Mr. A. R. Wallace has shown in his excellent memoir " On 
the Fieridm of the Indian and Australian Kegions," this Sub-Family 
is specially noticeable for its general and uniform distribution over 
the earth, species of it being met with in all latitudes and at all 
elevations, and in every kind of station, whether forest-clad or open, 
sheltered or exposed. These butterflies are nevertheless far more 
numerous and varied in tropical countries, and most of the large and 
more richly-coloured forms are sylvan in their haunts. The extensive 
Indian and Australian genus Thyca affords a striking instance, its 
numerous members being conspicuous for brilliant red and yellow 
markings on a dark ground, the under side of their wings being usually 
more highly ornamented than the upper side. 
As a rule, there is much disparity between the sexes, both as 
regards colouring and marking. Except in the few cases where the 
$ only directly mimics other butterflies, by far the greater diver- 
gence from the ordinary plain type of the Sub- Family is shown by the 
^s; and the latter also sometimes possess special sexual badges, viz., 
a serrated costa in the fore-wings {Frioneris and Callidryas)^ and patches 
of elevated scales and brushes of silky hair on the wings (both in 
Callidryas, and the former to a slight extent in Colias). 
The Ethiopian Region is not rich in Fierince ; out of a roll of some 
forty genera and nine hundred species, it possesses but nine genera 
and about a hundred and forty species. Of these, only two genera, 
Mylothris and Herpoenia, are peculiar to the region, but the s^Decies 
are nearly all confined to it. South Africa has yielded representatives 
of all the genera and sixty-one species, viz., Fontia, i sp., Terias 7, 
Mylothris 3, Fieris 14, Hcrpoinia i, Teracolus 29, Colias i, Ero7iia 4, 
and Callidryas i. 
^ Trans. Ent. Soc. Load., 3rJ Series, vol. iv. p. 301 (1867). 
