4 
SOUTH-AFEICAN BUTTERFLIES. 
discoidal cell ; first disco-cellular iiervule almost always wanting, the 
upper radial springing from subcostal nervure beyond (or sometimes just 
at) extremity of cell ; internal nervure rarely developed (Callidryas, 
Hehomoia, Gonepteryx), and then very short and slender, running into 
submedian nervure. Hincl-ivings rounded, very rarely {Gonepteryx) 
angulated on first or second median nervule, or (a few species of CaU 
lidryas) produced into a long blunt projection at anal angle : costa 
usually much arched, and very prominent basally ; hind-margin some- 
times slightly or moderately dentate ; inner margins convex, and form- 
ing a more or less complete groove under abdomen ; radial nervule 
almost always originating nearer to subcostal than to median nervure ; 
internal nervure always well-developed and often long. Legs rather 
short (except in Leptalis), usually slender, almost hairless except at base 
of femora beneath ; tibise short, the terminal spurs of the middle and 
hind pairs very small ; tarsi long, especially their first joint, and with 
bifid terminal claws. 
Abdomen slender, arched, usually of moderate length or rather 
short (long in ZeucopJmsia, and in Lep)talis extending beyond hind- 
wings). 
Larva. — Elongate, cylindrical, without segmental constriction, 
somewhat tapering anteriorly and posteriorly, without spines or other 
appendages, clothed with a more or less developed very short pubes- 
cence, rarely with longer hairs. 
Pupa. — Rather elongate, usually with a more or less prominent 
median dorsal ridge (higher on thorax), and with the thorax and base 
of abdomen laterally angulated ; often much curved backward, and 
with wing-covers forming a very convex ridge upon breast ; head with 
a single acute projection in front directed forward. 
The affinity of this Sub-Familly to the Fapilionincv is clearly shown 
by the perfect condition of the first pair of legs, and the general form 
and silken girth of the chrysalis ; but it differs widely in the neuration 
of the fore-wings, the form of antennge and palpi, the convex (instead 
of concave) inner margin of the hind-wings, the absence of any middle 
spur or process on the tibise of the first pair of legs, the form of the 
caterpillar, and the single-pointed (instead of bifid) head of the chry- 
salis. Doubleday (op. cit.) pointed out that some Pierince approached 
very near to the Lyccenidce, instancing specially the genus Terias ; 
and Mr. Butler has described and figured as one of the Pierince, Larino- 
poda lycoenoides, a very curious West-African butterfly, which, with 
a general resemblance to Pontia, appears structurally to be in some 
respects intermediate between Eronia and the Lyc83nide genus Delo- 
neura} I have above (vol. ii. pp. 225, 227, and 234) called attention 
to the relation to the Pierinm shown by the perfect fore-legs in both 
1 Mr. W. F. Kirby {Rhop. Exot, Ft. ii., Oct. 1887) states that Larinopoda is now more 
correctly referred, both by Mr. Butler and others, to the Lyccenidce, being nearly related 
to Liptena and allies. 
