dead leaves away from the light, dark-brown ; on dry stem of food- 
plant, pale-ochreous ; and on a glass tumbler, pale yellowish-green. 
To^lia is distinguished from Auxo, Lucas, by its considerably smaller 
size and somewhat acuter fore-wings ; by the comparatively larger and 
more deeply-tinted orange patch in the always wholly free from any 
trace of inner dark edging, and with only an extremely faint and attenu- 
ated brownish outer edging ; by the much reduced discal spotting of 
the which in the hind-wings disappears altogether, and by the deep 
dull-reddish colouring of the under side in both sexes. One ^ example, 
from Weenen County, in Natal, exhibits considerable deviation from 
the last-named character, having the under side of the hind-wings 
yellow, with only a basal reddish stain and some very sparse brownish 
irroration ; and another $ from the same district exhibits in the same 
wings an ill-defined dusky longitudinal streak traversing discoidal cell 
from base to extremity. 
Mr. W. S. M. D'Urban, who in i860 made known to me this interesting 
Teracoliis, was so struck with its abundance in and apparent restriction to the 
neiglibourhood of the Keiskamma in the then Colony of British Kaffraria, that 
lie proposed for it the name of that river, which I accordingly adopted in my 
Ehopalocera Africce Australis, not being aware that the butterfly had already 
been described by Wallengren under the name Topha. It has since been 
found to have a considerable range eastward and northward, but seems to occur 
nowhere in such profusion as in the locality where Mr. D'Urban discovered it. 
In the paper already quoted, Mr. Mansel Weale records the interesting fact 
that while from January to May 1876 he for the first time met with Keiskamma 
( = Topha) numerously about a bush of what proved to be their food-plant, a few 
miles from King William's Town, and saw no examples of Evarne ( = Auxo), 
yet in the next succeeding summer, from the end of 1876 to the end of April 
1877, he found no Topha on or about the same Cadaba bush, but only Auxo, 
which he had not before noticed in this neighbourhood. He observed the 
$ Auxo laying her eggs in the same manner as the $ Top)ha ; the eggs and 
the resulting larvae and pupae did not differ from those of Auxo, and the pupos 
exhibited the same liability to vary in colour. 
Mr. Weale wrote to me that he regarded these observations as proving the 
species-identity of the two butterflies, and certainly the evidence in that direc- 
tion is strong. But a difficulty occurs in the circumstance that the two forms 
were not seasonal ones in the ordinary sense, but appeared in the corresponding 
(summer) season in both years of observation ; and it is also to be noted that 
Mr. D'Urban (who did not meet with Auxo during his stay in British Katfraria) 
expressly wrote that Top)ha was on the wing " all the year round." Mr. Weale 
mentions, however, that the summer when Topha prevailed was a wet one, and 
that the succeeding one, when only Auxo was seen, was unusually dry. Until 
one form has been shown by direct observation to result from ova laid by the 
other, I think it advisable, in view of the very marked differences exhibited in 
both sexes, to keep the two apart. 
Localities of Teracolm Topha. 
I. South Africa. 
B. Cape Colony. 
h. Eastern Districts. — " Kingscote to Chalumna and Line Drift," 
Keiskamma {W. S. M. D' Urban). "King Williams Town."— 
J. P. Mansel Weale. 
