PIEKIN^E. 
187 
cellular spot rather larger than in with a silvery-white centre, and 
almost invariably accompanied by a similar spot immediately sur- 
mounting it, and by a third (commonly larger) one immediately pre- 
ceding it, and so within discoidal cell ; at base, immediately below 
origin of subcostal nervure, a ferruginous-red mark ; eight spots of 
irregular discal row varying from dull-reddish to ferruginous, some or 
all of them often indistinct or almost obsolete. In both wings the 
minute spots of the hind-marginal nervular series are dark and dis- 
tinct and bordered inwardly by some pink scaling. 
As indicated in the foregoing descriptions, there is some diversity 
in the markings of the chiefly as relates to the development of those 
of the under side ; but the two forms of the $ present a far greater 
discrepancy, one scarcely differing from the $, while the other is 
sulphur-yellow above with conspicuous disco-cellular and hind-mar- 
ginal spots, and deep ochreous-yellow beneath, with one or two addi- 
tional disco-cellular spots. There exist, however, several linking 
variations between these two forms of but almost all that I have 
seen are nearer to the yellow than to the white form. These $ s are 
either simply of a paler yellow, or exhibit a more or less extensive 
suffusion of white over the discal area of one or both wings. The 
Eyhlcea of Boisduval, from Senegal, is one of the former category, and 
the Aleicrona of Butler, from Abyssinia, one of the latter ; and it is 
noteworthy that in both cases the describers mention only one terminal 
disco-cellular spot on the under side of hind-wing, — a feature charac- 
teristic of the white $ and of the A fine example of the full 
yellow coloration, taken near D'Urban by Colonel Bowker, also pre- 
sents this solitary spot. 
; In South Africa, the yellow or Bliadia form of $ appears to pre- 
dominate ; out of 47 examples from all quarters, I find 26 yellow, 7 
intermediate, and 1 4 white. These different $ s are not local forms, 
but occur together (as Mr. Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 
486, has shown to be the case at Aden) in several places. For 
instance, I have white, yellow, and intermediate $ s from the Bashee 
River and Potchefstroom in the Transvaal ; and Mrs. Barber informs 
me that all three flew in the neighbourhood of Kimberley in the 
autumn of 1881.^ I have met with both white and yellow ? s among 
the stragglers that occasionally find their way to Cape Town, and have 
received the two forms together from Springbokfontein in Namaqua- 
land. As respects Tropical Africa, I have noted the two in collections 
^ The exceptions are two very slightly yellowish -tinged ? s from Aden, and a dwarf 
(exp. 2 in. I lin.) 9 , taken by Colonel Bowker in some South- African locality not specially 
noted, which is somewhat more yellow-tinged along hind-margins, and has in the fore-wings 
the disco-cellular spot very small and faint, and the reddish hind-marginal spots minute and 
indistinct. 
^ Mrs. Barber adds (12th September 1882) : " I have seen both white and yellow ? s lay- 
mg their eggs on the same plant, and have reared the caterpillars, which produced butter- 
flies of all the different tints that exist in this species." 
