Pupa. — Pattern and colouring very like that of larva, but the 
green apparently more uniform and (except on wing-covers) inclining 
to glaucous ; yellow lateral stripe paler. Acute cephalic projection 
tipped with reddish-brown. Attached to various bushes, grass, &c. 
These descriptions of larva and pupa are made from a coloured 
drawing sent to me by Mrs. Barber in 1882. That of the pupa must 
be qualified by the following note, made by Mrs. Barber during the 
great abundance of the insect near Kimberley in 1881, viz., "The 
larvae suspending themselves to various plants resulted in pupae won- 
derfully adapted in colour to the particular plants occupied. Those 
upon dry grass were straw-coloured ; one in a bunch of grass only 
half dry and half green was green on the under side and straw- 
coloured on the upper side. A number of caterpillars that I put 
into a tin-box suspended themselves on its sides and became pupae 
of a leaden colour. I think, however, that when at liberty the larvae 
preferred to pupate on the bluish-green upright stems of a small 
species of Cy^jhoncma, common among the grass, for the bluish-green 
pupae were crowded together upon it in great numbers. The chrysalis 
state seldom lasted more than ten days." As regards the larva, Mrs. 
Barber further notes : ■ " I observed them literally in thousands on the 
Cassia plants ; they cleared off every leaf, and then devoured the 
young shoots, and even the bark of the stems, I noticed no variation 
whatever in these caterpillars." 
This butterfly is very closely allied to C. Gnoma, Eab., from India 
and China; but the latter has in both sexes a rather wider, darker 
(and in ^ continuous) brown hind-marginal edging in the fore-wings, 
and the under-side tint yellower than in the $ Florella, but not nearly 
so deep as in the Bhadia form of ^. The $ Gnoma, too, appears never 
to show more sulphur-yellow on the upper side than a rather narrow 
suffusion along the hind-margin of both fore and hind wings. From 
Captain De la Chaumette's description (quoted by Mr. Butler, Lep. 
Exot., p. 43), and the figures given in Moore's Lep. Ceylon., pi. 48, 2a), 
the earlier stages of Gnoma seem scarcely, if at all, to differ from those 
of Florella. 
It is in the late summer and in autumn, from about the middle of February 
to the middle of May, that Florella is most prevalent in South Africa ; but 
Mr. Feltham notes the occurrence of a few on the wing at Kimberley as early 
as 2d October, and I met with two flying at D'Urban as late as 23d June. 
During the time of the extreme abundance of the insect at Kimberley in 
1881, Mrs. Barber noted that the yellow form of 9 was at first very scarce, 
but later on became very numerous.^ During my visit to Natal in the summer 
of 1867, the butterfly was by no means common. I took a good many 
^ Mr. H. L. L. Feltham informs me that in the beginning of the season at Kimberley 
white ? s only are to be seen, and also notes the interesting circumstance that, as far as he 
has been able to observe, the i s are then all less boldly marked on the under side than 
those (5 s which fly later in the season, when the yellow ? s prevail. 
