PAPILIOXINiE. 
199 
only in hind- wings, in $ also in fore-wings and a second parallel series 
in hind-wings). 
(One species : P. Eii^liranor, Trim.) 
Group 7. — P. Ucherioidcs, Trim., representative. Sexes very dis- 
similar. Structure generally much as in Group 5. Fore-wings with 
costa much arched, apex bluntly protuberant, rounded ; hind-wings 
rounded, only slightly dentate, not produced inferiorly, without tail. 
Black ; $ with a common sulphur-yellow discal band, broad in hind- 
wings, macular and narrowing inferiorly in hind-wings ; ? with white 
discal spots in fore-wrings, an ochre-yellow sub-basal patch in hind- 
wings ; and a common submarginal series of rounded white spots : — - 
mimicking Amauris Echeria. 
(One species : P. Echcrioidcs, Trim.) 
Of these fifteen South-African species, only the two last named 
(Eiqjhrano7' and Echerioides) and Morania appear to be peculiar to the 
sub-region ; indeed, Echerioides is reported by Plotz to have been 
found in the Cameroons in West Africa ; but it is possible that the 
nearly allied P. Zoroastres, Druce, may have been mistaken for it. Of 
the rest, seven species extend over the Southern Tropical belt {Brasi- 
das apparently only on the Western, and Colonna, Porthaon, Cenea, and 
Ophidicephalus only on the Eastern side) ; wdiile the six others range 
into both tropics, Demolcus alone appearing to occupy the entire Ethio- 
pian Eegion.-^ 
The LAEViE, from their size and colouring, and disregard of con- 
cealment, and also from the attachment of many of them to orange- 
trees and other cultivated plants, are better known than those of most 
other important genera, especially in the case of the Indian and 
Malayan species. They are mostly of some shade of green, here and 
there varied with transverse or longitudinal or oblique paler or 
darker markinf^s of subdued tints ; but the Indian P. dissiinilis has a 
dark-grey tuberculated caterpillar, varied with bright sulphur-yellow 
bands and crimson spots ; and the strongly tuberculated larvjB of the 
Oriental groups, represented by P. Nox, P. Coon, and P. Polydorus, are of 
a purplish or purplish-red colour.^ They are exceedingly inactive, only 
moving from one leaf to another as food is required. The food-plants 
of the several groups are characteristic ; the true " Swallow-Tails " 
(Group I, surpra, Policciics, &c.), and the section next to them (Group 2, 
supra, Leo7iidas, &c.), being found on Anonacece ; the Demohus group 
on UmhellifGroe and Eutacca3, and the Nireus and Cenca groups on 
Putacece. 
^ It is noteworthy that this dominant Papilio is the only African species of the genus 
that has a close ally in the Oriental Region, P. Erithonius representing it in India, China, 
the Malayan Archipelago, and (under a slight variation) Australia. 
^ These latter species feed on Aristolochice, and it is curious to find that the larvae of 
the genera OrnitJioptera and TJiais, which live on tlie fame group of plants, are similarly 
coloured and tuberculated. 
