rAPILIONIN^. 
225 
on tarsi. Abdomen black above irrorated with sulphur-yellow; laterally 
and beneath yellow, with a lateral and an inferior longitudinal black 
streak on each side. 
$ Like but slightly duller and paler. Hind-wing : first spot of 
submarginal row, bounding costal ocellus, more or less stained with 
dull-reddish on its inner side. 
[ Larva. — Fale yelloivish-greenj marlled with purple or pmylisli-grey , 
: running in irregular transverse, and in places irregularly confluent, 
markings on the sides. ISTumerous pale-ferruginous, small, ocellate 
I spots sprinkled about purple markings. A broad longitudinal white 
stripe above spiracles. Head and legs pale sandy-brown, as well as 
two small pointed tubercles on segment next head, from between which 
I is protruded, when the animal is irritated, a crimson Y-shaped tentacle- 
like organ, emitting a very peculiar pungent odour. Two similar 
smaller tubercles on anal segment. A very sluggish larva, and very 
I variable in the distribution of its colours. The young caterpillar 
differs strikingly from the full-grown one, being very dark, without 
green colouring, and clothed with short spines. Feeds on Umhelliferce, 
' Bulon galbanum and gummiferum, and in gardens on the fennel. Among 
' trees it is common on the orange and lemon ; and Mrs. Barber noted 
that near Grahamstown it also fed on Vcpris lanceolata (the " white 
. ironwood ") and Hippohromus alata ; while in Natal Colonel Bowker 
j found it on Calodendron capense (the " v/ild chestnut "). 
j Pupa. — Elongate, rather slender anteriorly ; head bluntly but 
I deeply bifid, the projections irregularly dentate on the inner edge, and 
with a denticulated superior ridge inclining outward ; thorax mode- 
rately angulated laterally, its dorsal projection rather acute, considerably 
elevated as to its anterior edge ; abdomen widening from base to hind 
part of third segment, where it is very slightly angulated, and thence 
narrowing gradually to tail. On back of abdomen four rows of tubercles, 
of which those of the two middle rows (especially on fourth, fifth, and 
sixth segments) are larger and more prominent ; also a solitary mesial 
tubercle on back of second segment, and a tuberculated ridge margin- 
ing from base to widest parts. Surface generally rough, with here 
and there minute acute tubercule, anteriorly on under side. 
Variable in colouring; usually ashy-grey or brownish-grey (when, 
as usual, attached to the old stems of its food-plants, which it closely 
resembles), but often much tinged with pale dull-sandy or ochreous- 
I yellow, and more rarely with greenish. Prominences of head and peak 
j ^ I noticed at Highlands, near Grahamstown, that the larvae feeding on the orange were 
all of a darker green than the umbellifer-feeders above described, and with the purple bands 
i (though strongly and broadly marked) limited to the three thoracic and six succeeding seg- 
ments. The head was almost ferruginous and the pro-legs pale greenish-grey. Mrs. Barber 
wrote to me in 1869 that she once, in a season of great drought, when most insects were 
unusually scarce, found a cuckoo in a very weakly state, with its crop full of Demoleus larvae, 
and she considered that necessity had compelled the bird to swallow these distasteful creatures, 
which are in the habit of feeding fully exposed on flowers and leaves, but appear, as a rule, 
j to be entirely unmolested by insectivorous animals. 
VOL. III. P 
