2 28 SOUTH-AFRICAN BUTTEEFLIES. 
red of the anal-angular ocellus extends baseward, so as to occupy 
nearly the whole marking. On the under side the fore-wings pre- ' 
sent a subapical short series of dull golden-yellow spots between ' 
the discal and submarginal series ; and in the hind-wings all the j 
yellow markings are so much enlarged as to occupy nearly the | 
whole ground of the wing except the discal series of dull golden- 
yellow blue- and black-edged markings, commencing with the costal 
ocellus."^ 
P. Demoleus is an active and powerful flyer, but does not attain the eleva- 
tion exhibited on the wing by both P. Nireus and P. Cenea. It is fond of 
sporting about rocky knolls on the slopes or summits of hills. It occurs com- 
monly over open ground generally, and is a frequent visitor to garden-flowers. 
On Table Mountain I have noticed that it seemed to favour Agapanthus, when 
that flower was in bloom ; and at Plettenberg Bay it sometimes entered the 
woods to feast on the honey of Plumbago. The butterfly usually first appears 
in the Western districts about the end of September (but I have seen it as 
early as the 6th), and remains out until the beginning or middle of April. 
There appears to be a succession of broods during the hot months, as I have 
taken full-grown larvae at different dates in iNTovember, December, and Feb- 
ruary, and obtained the perfect insects after a pupation varying from fourteen 
to twenty-seven days ; but from larvae full-grown in April the butterflies do 
not emerge until the succeeding September or October. 
This butterfly has an exceedingly wide Ethiopian distribution, and is the 
only Papilio that has penetrated to the Cape peninsula. It is common in 
Madagascar, and has been recorded by Mr. Butler from the Comoro Islands ; 
but it was not known in Mauritius when I visited that island in 1865. But 
in March and April 1870 it appeared in Port Louis in some numbers, and 
was in July of the same year successfully introduced (by means of five larvse 
and three pupse sent by M. Bouton to Dr. Vinson) into Reunion, becoming 
numerous there in 1871. (See Annual Report of Royal Society of Arts and 
Sciences, Mauritius, 1871, p. v. ; and Transactions of the same body, N.S., vol. 
vi. p. 30, 1872). Mr. Bourke informed me that the butterfly abounded all 
along the coast of Tropical Western Africa. 
Localities of Papilio Demoleus. ■ 
I. South Africa. 
B. Cape Colony. 
a. Western Districts. — Cape Town. Hout Bay and Simon's Town, 
Cape District. Stellenbosch. Paarl. Bain's Kloof. Michell's 
Pass, Tulbagh District. Robertson. Montagu. Swellen- 
dam {L. Taats). Oudtshoorn ( — Adams). Knysna and Plet- 
tenberg Bay. 
^ Eritlionias has a very wide range through India, the Malayan Islands, China, &c., and 
(as the very slight variation Sthenelus, Mach., cannot be regarded as a good species) Aus- 
tralia. Judging from the figures given in Moore's Lepidoptera of Ceylon (i. pi. 61), the 
larva of Erithonius is very like the darker larvae of Demoleus, but has two distinct collars of 
small sub-ocellate pale-ferruginous spots on third thoracic and first abdominal segments, and 
the markings on the sides blacker and (except for some scattered small spots) restricted to 
abdominal segments 7-9. The pupa is represented as dull-green, with a greenish-yellow 
back. 
