28o 
SOUTH-AFKICAN BUTTERFLIES. 
conspicuously white-spotted black pattern, and belong to the European 
group of P. Sao and P. orhifer^ (Hiibn.) ; but P. Elma, Trim, (a member 
of the Alccoe group), has the fore-wings with vitreous spots only; P. 
Sandaster, Trim., has the white spots exceedingly small, and the under 
side of the hind-wings dark-brown with two very sharply-defined 
dentate white stripes ; and the more aberrant group (apparently pecu- 
liar to Africa) which contains Mohozutza, Wallengr., Chaca, Trim., and 
Tucusa, Trim., presents on the upper side, besides white spots on the 
fore-wings, a common submarginal row of pale fulvous spots, and on 
the under side a greyish-creamy ground-colour varied with fulvous and 
spotted with black. In South Africa the most numerous and widely 
distributed species are Vindex, Cram., Mafa, Trim., Diomus, Hopff., and 
Elma, Trim., — Vindex and Diomus being common about Cape Town. 
Asterodia and Sataspes, Trim., seem next in width of range, the latter 
occasionally occurring near Cape Town. MoJiozutza, Wallengr., has an 
extensive eastern distribution through Kaffraria Proper, JSTatal, Zulu- 
land, and Transvaal ; Droimis, Plotz, has been received from Natal and 
Delagoa Bay, and Tucusa, Trim., from Natal and Transvaal. Nanus, 
Trim., is not uncommon about Cape Town, and extends over the 
Western and Central Districts of the Cape Colony and into Griqualand 
West. Chaca, Trim., is apparently very rare, — I only know of its 
occurrence near Grahamstown and in Kaffraria Proper ; Agylla, Trim., 
is known from a few scattered stations in the Eastern Cape Colony 
and Griqualand West ; and Transvaalice, Trim., is represented by two 
examples only from the Potchefstroom district. 
Three species, Diomus, Elma, and Chaca, are recorded from locali- 
ties within the South-Tropical belt of Africa, and two, Vindex and 
Dromus, from the western side of the North-Tropical belt in addition. 
The members of this genus are of active habits ; they have a short 
quick flight near the ground, stopping very abruptly, and settling with 
wings fully expanded, usually on the bare earth or on stones. They 
mostly frequent open ground, delighting in dry hill slopes and waste 
spots. P. Elma is the only South- African species known to me which 
is almost confined to wooded localities. 
324. (1.) Pyi^gus Vindex, (Cramer). 
Papilio Vindex, Cram., Pap. Exot., iv. pi. cccliii. ff. G, H (1782). 
Hesperia Vindex, Latr., Enc. Meth., ix. p. 785, n. 148 (1823). 
IPyrgus Vindex, Westw., Gen. D. Lep., pi. Ixxix. f. 6 (1852). 
,, „ Trim., Rhop. Afr. Aust., ii. p. 287, n. 177 (1866). 
1 Aberr. — Papilio Spio, Linn., Mus. Liid. Ulr. Reg., p. 338, n. 156 
(1764) ; and Syst. Nat., i. 2, p. 796, n. 271 (1767). 
Exp. al., 10 lin. — i in. i lin. 
Brownish-black, with rather large luhite spots. Fore-wing : on costa 
an elongate whitish spot near base, and a thin white edging as far as 
