282 
SOUTH-AFEICAN BUTTERFLIES. 
side than the typical form, figured roughly by Cramer, which prevails 
in the south of the Cape Colony. | 
I quote Westwood's figure {op. cit.) with some doubt, because only 
the upper side is depicted, and the narrower hind-wing band there 
shown makes it possible that the illustration may apply to the nearly 
allied Mafa, mihi. 
As regards the Spio of Linnaeus, Mr. C. Aurivillus, in his excellent I 
Becensio Ci^itica Lcpidopticorum Musei Ludovicce Ulricce, published in i 
1882 in the Transactions of the Boyal Swedish Academy, gives (Tab. i. ff. 
3, 3a) copies of figures by Clerck (previously unpublished), which there 
appears to be no reason to doubt were made from Linn^'s type speci- 
men. As stated in my letter quoted (pp. 1 24-125) by Mr. Aurivillius, 
I consider these figures to warrant the opinion that Spio is an aberra- 
tion of Vindex, in which the largest discal spot in the fore-wing was 
confluent with the small spot which in ordinary examples is just below 
the former, and was also so much extended superiorly as to unite with 
the middle disco-cellular spot. The figure of the under side is rough 
and obscure — a fault very common with the older iconographers when 
dealing with small species — but is more like that of Vindex than any 
other species. 
Vindex and its near ally Dromics, Plotz, are distinguishable among 
their South- African congeners by the broader and more sharply-defined 
white markings of the upper side, especially the median band of the 
hindr wings. Among European species, the southern F. Sao, Hiibn., 
seems nearest to Vindex, but it has much smaller spots, and the under- 
side ground-colour is ochreous-red. 
This is a widely-distributed and common South African Pyrgus, frequent- 
ing open ground and waste places. About Cape Town it is numerous at the 
base and on the lower slopes of the mountains, settling with expanded wings 
on the ground, on stones, or on low plants. It appears almost throughout the 
year, June and July being the only months in which I have not noticed it, but 
is more abundant from August to October than at other seasons. 
Localities of Pyrgus Vindex. 
I. South Africa. 
B. Cape Colony. 
a. Western Districts. — Cape Town. Muizenberg, Cape District. | 
Hex River, Worcester District. Robertson. Oudtshoorn ( — 
Adams). Knysna and Plettenberg Bay. Yan Wyk's Vley, 
Carnarvon District {E, G. Alston). 
h. Eastern Districts. — Near Grahamstown {W. S. M. D' Urban). 
King Wilham's Town (W. S. M. D' Urban). 
c. Griqualand West. — Yaal River (J. H. Bowker). Kimberley {H. 
L. L. Feltham). 
D. KafFraria Proper. — Bashee River (/. H. Boivlmr). 
E. Natal. 
a. Coast Districts. — D'XJrban. Itongati River. 
6. Upper Districts. — Udland's Mission Station. Greytown. Est- 
court {J. M. Hutehinsov). Rorke's Drift (/. H. Bowker). 
