HESPERID^. 
293 
334. (11.) Pyrgus Elma, Trimen. 
Pyrgus Mma, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 3rd Ser., i. p. 288 (1862); 
and Khop. Afr. Aust., ii. p. 291, n. 180, pi. 5, f. 8 [cJ], (1866). 
Uxp. al, ($) 11^ lin. — i in. i lin. ; ($) i in. 1-3 lin. 
^ Dark-broiU7iy varied with lighter, and with vitreous and white 
spots. Fore-iuing : dark to before middle, as far as a transverse curved 
blackish streak ; beyond streak the wing is light-brown, with some 
darker shades and dashes ; a disco-cellular transverse vitreous streak 
contiguous to outer edge of blackish streak ; near it, between first and 
third median nervules, two small vitreous spots, the lower one larger, 
quadrate ; a transverse line of three contiguous, minute, vitreous spots 
on costa, not far from apex ; cilia fuscous, unequally varied with 
brownish-whitish between nervules. Hind-wing : almost hlack ; a small 
round white spot in discoidal cell, near base ; about middle a conspicuous 
rather wide white band, attenuated at inferior extremity, from first 
subcostal nervule to submedian nervure ; traces of a submarginal row 
of whitish dots ; anal-angular region hoary ; cilia whitish, with broad 
fuscous-brown nervular marks on lower half. Under side. — Rather 
glossy, much paler ; didl hrownish-ochreotcs, with a tinge of yellow ; 
base and margins of fore -wing clouded with whitish. Fore- wing : 
vitreous marks as above ; a whitish spot at extremity of cell ; an 
indistinct submarginal row of whitish dots. Hind-iuing : an addi- 
tional white dot above that in cell, the two forming a short sub -basal 
transverse streak ; white band commences very narrowly on costa ; 
whitish at anal angle, extending along inner-marginal fold, sometimes 
conspicuous ; submarginal whitish spots not apparent except between 
second median nervule and submedian nervure, where they form a short 
continuous streak. 
^ Like ^, but generally rather duller and paler; cilia more dis- 
tinctly varied, especially in fore-wing ; the vitreous spots larger. 
This butterfly belongs to the well-known European group contain- 
ing Aleece, Esp., and Lavaterm, Esp.; it is nearer to the former in size, 
colouring, and pattern of the fore-wings, but as regards the white spot 
and band on the upper side of the hind-wings, exhibits some resem- 
blance to the latter. A much closer ally, however, would appear 
(judging from the description and a figure of the upper side in the 
Lepidoptera of Ceylon, p. 183, pi. 71, f. 7) to be the Cingalese 
Alhofasciata, Moore, in which there is little difference observable except 
in the more uniform ground-colour of the wings, and the narrower, 
longer, more regular, and more curved white band of the hind-wings.^ 
^ Perhaps a still more closely allied form is one collected on Mount Sinai by Mr. J. K. 
Lord, of which I possess a pair, kindly presented to me by Prof. Meldola. These specimens 
are worn, but evidently approach Elma very nearly, size and pattern being almost identical, 
but the upper side and under side being alike much paler ; the cellular transparent mark in 
the fore-wings, as well as those near costa, wider ; the spot and band in the hind-wings less 
distinct, the latter being narrower and prolonged to submedian nervure ; the submarginal row 
of spots in the hind-wings more distinct and sinuate, and the discal stripe on the under side 
