HESPERID^. 
367 
Larva. — Elongate, contracted on second segment. Head large, sub- 
triangular, but rounded superiorly, with a depression in the middle of 
its upper edge. 
Pupa. — Stout, rounded ; abdomen tapering abruptly to a point. 
Head with frontal projection short, slender, and acute; eye-covers 
elevated, conical. Prothorax dorsally with a laterally projecting acute 
prominence, like that on head, but shorter. In loose irregular web in 
curled leaf; attached by the anal prominence (which is rather long, 
stout, and curved), and with a /rcc silken girth, giving off from its 
middle point over the back a silken stay, attached to the leaf far away 
from the attachments of the ends of the girth. 
(The above characters are taken from Mr. J. P. Mansel Weale's 
notes and drawings of the larva of H. Forestan, and from pup^ of that 
species and H. Keitliloa.) 
I have followed Mr. Butler {op. cit.) in adopting as the type of 
Eesperia the species which Fabricius in 1793 placed at the head of 
his Hesperioe Urbicolce { = the modern Family Ilesperidce), viz., the 
Indian H. Exclamatioiiis, Fab. From this species the type of Swain- 
son's genus Ismenc, the Javan /. cedipodm, Sws., cannot be generically 
separated, the only differences presented by the latter being greater 
width of fore-wings, and (in the ^ only) a sub-basal velvety patch 
on those wings. I had for some time supposed Wallengren's genus 
' Bhopalocampta to be a natural one, but upon closer comparison of the 
three South-African species on which he founded it with others from 
different regions recognised as species of Ismenc, Sws., I can find nothing 
warranting its being kept apart. 
The genus Hespei^ia is readily recognised by the long, slender, 
terminal joint of the palpi, and the very gradually thickened and then 
attenuated antennae terminating in a very long thin hook. The species 
composing it are all above the medium size in this Family, most of 
them being large (above 2 inches in expanse), and one, the West- 
African Iphis, Drury, quite a giant among the HesperidcB, attaining an 
expanse of over 3 inches. The colouring of Ipliis, and of its nearest 
congener, the considerably smaller Juno, Plotz, is very peculiar, viz., a 
shining indigo-black or very dark- bronzy-green upper side, with a 
more decided submetallic and partly blue-shot under side, while the 
head and palpi and under side of end of abdomen are deep-red. 
West Africa also affords the most brilliant members of the genus, 
H. Bixm, (L.), and H. Chalyhe, (Westw.), in which the body and a 
space from the bases of the wings above are of an intense glittering 
blue shot with verditer-green. Most of the Hcsperice are, however, of 
dull-brown and yellowish tints, often relieved on the under side of the 
hind-wings by a white band. 
All the species are proper to the Old World ; out of about seventy 
recorded, nearly half belong to India and other parts of the Oriental 
