EHOPALOCERA. 
of the Papilionidcc are separated by the circumstance that in the 
Fapilionincc the inner margin of the hind-wings is hollowed or curved 
inwardSj while in the Fierinco it is convexly prominent. 
The following tabular view of the Ehopalocera, in which only the 
characters of the Perfect Insects are employed, may be found helpful in 
determining the Family and Sub-Family to which any given butterfly 
may belong. 
Sub-Order RHOPALOCERA. 
A. Antennae close together at origin ; tibise of hind pair of legs with a 
terminal pair of spurs only. 
B. Tarsi of first pair of legs imperfect, and the whole limb much re- 
duced in both sexes. 
Family I. — Nymphalid^. 
c. Discoidal cell of hind-wings closed. 
cL Hind-wings without a pre-discoidal cell, 
e. Palpi very short, slender. 
Sub-Family i. — Danaiiice. 
ee. Palpi of moderate length or long, not slender. 
/, Fore-wings short, broad ; their nervures often swollen at 
the base. 
Sub-Family 2. — Satyrinoe. 
ff. Fore-wings much elongated, narrow ; their nervures 
never swollen at the base. 
g. Tarsal claws without appendages, but much enlarged 
basally ; head of moderate breadth. 
Sub-Family 4. — Acrmnce. 
gg. Tarsal claws with paronychia and pulvillus ; head 
very broad. 
Sub-Family 5. — Heliconinm. 
dd. Hind-wings wdtli a pre-discoidal cell. 
Sub-Family 3. — Brassolinw. 
cc. Discoidal cell of hind-wings open or incompletely closed. 
Sub-Family 6. — Nyniphalince. 
BB. Tarsi of first pair of legs imperfect in male, perfect in female. 
Family II. — Erycinid^. 
h. Palpi very long, 
Sub-Family i. — Lihythceince. 
hh. Palpi of moderate length or short. 
i. Subcostal nervure of fore-wings with four branches. 
Sub-Family 2. — Nemeohii7ice. 
a. Subcostal nervure of fore-wings with from two to four 
branches ; radial (or discoidal) nervule of hind-wings 
intimately connected with subcostal nervure. 
Sub-Family 3. — Eurygoninoe. 
