51 
Pupa. — Thickest abdominal segment with a dorsal and lateral half 
ring, ridged and finely tuberculated. 
The first (Ammoris, Hiibn.) and fourth (Ideopsis, Horsf.) sections 
of this genus, established by E. Doubleday (op. cit.), have been separated 
by later writers, Daiiais as restricted including the two sections of 
which D. Clirysippus (Linn.) and D. Limniace {Cram) are represen- 
tatives. Besides the different form and slightly different position of 
the sac in the hind- wings of the ^, the sections are distinguishable by 
a very different colouring, the Clirysippiis group being chiefly ochre- 
red with white -spotted black margins, while the Limniace group has 
the wings blackish or brown with greenish or whitish stripes and spots 
between the nervures. 
It is curious that of this genus, containing about forty species and 
the most widely distributed of the Sub-Family, only two species should 
be found in the whole of the African continent. B. Clirysippiis ranges 
all over Africa, and is a common species all through the Southern 
Extra-Tropical Sub-Eegion; but the other, a variety of B. Limniace 
which was named Petiverana by Doubleday (and subsequently Leonora 
by Mr. A. G. Butler), representing so decidedly Oriental and Australian 
a form, has hitherto only been brought from the Gold Coast and Angola 
on the west, and from Mombas and the Upper Nile on the east. It 
is very probable that other races of this section of Banais will be found 
to inhabit Eastern and Central Africa, and possibly a representative 
may extend as far as the Delagoa Bay district. 
The dominant American species, B. Eri]3pus (Cram.), which is 
apparently abundant from Canada to Uruguay, is at the present time 
ranging widely afield, having of late years appeared in New Zealand, 
and even been captured in England. B. Chrysijrpus (as will be seen 
below) has also an immensely wide, though different, distribution, 
extending north and south from Southern Italy to Cape Town, and 
west and east from Sierra Leone to Timor. 
1. (1.) Danais Chrysippus (Linnaeus). 
Papilio Chrysipjms, L'mn., Mus. Lud. Ulr. Eeg., p. 263, n. 82 (1764); 
Syst. Nat., ed. xii., torn, i., pars 2, p. 767, n. 119 (1767). 
Papilio Chrysippus, Cram., Pap. Exot., ph cxviii. ff. b, c. (1779). 
(J and $, Limnas ferrug. Chrysippus, Htlbn., Samml. Exot. Schmett., bd. 
i. (1806); Euploea Chrysippe, Hiibn., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 15, 
n. 81 (1816). 
Danais Chrysippe, Godt., Encyc. Meth., ix. p. 187, n. 38 (1819). 
5, and Vars., Danais Chrysippus, Trim., Khop. Afr. Aiist., i. p. 88, 
n. 56 (1862), and ii. p. 333 (i866)._ 
5 , Danais Chrysippus, Trim., Trans. Linn. Soc. Loud., vol. xxvi. pi, 42, 
£.5(1869). 
Var. A. Papilio Alcippus, Cram., op. cit., pi. cxxvii. ff. e, f. [c?]. 
Var. B. Euploea Dorippus, King, Symb. Phys., dec. v. t. 48, ff. 1-5 (1845). 
$ , Danais Dorippus, Oberthiir, Etudes d'Ent., ill. pi. i, f. 5 
(1878). 
