SATYRIIT^. 
63 
but in several genera hairy ; palpi more or less flattened or compressed 
laterally, rather long, ascendant, nearly always very hairy beneath ; 
antennm usually short and slender, with the terminal club generally 
very long and gradually formed, and in some genera scarcely notice- 
able. Thorax short and narrow. Forc-iuings large and broad, the hind- 
margin commonly entire, without angulation or dentation; discoidal 
cell rather long, always closed ; one or more of the nervures generally 
more or less swollen at the base. Hind-ivings large, usually rounded, 
but in some genera tailed or angulated at extremity of third median 
nervule, and in one {^Coracles, Hewits.) at anal angle ; discoidal cell 
closed ; groove or channel formed by inner margins shallow and incom- 
plete, generally leaving the apical half of abdomen exposed. Middle 
and hind legs rather short and slender ; the femora often finely hairy, 
the tibise scaly and often spinose, the tarsi usually finely spinose. 
Fore-legs very small, or even minute (especially in the S ) ; sometimes 
altogether concealed by the hairy clothing of the thorax. Ahdome^i 
slender, rather short, seldom more than two-thirds of the length of the 
hind- wings. 
Lakva. — Smooth or (more commonly) pubescent, attenuated towards 
hinder extremity, which terminates in two more or less pronounced 
points or in a bifid fork. Head superiorly often bifid, sometimes with 
two distinct horns. 
Pupa. — Moderately long, but rather thick ; not or only bluntly 
angulated ; head rounded or more or less bifid. 
The Satyrina^ are, on the whole, probably nearer to the Nymphalince 
than to any other group, being certainly in all their stages not far 
removed from Morpho and the allied genera, or very far from the section 
represented by Apahcra, &c., as regards their earlier stages. The 
generally weaker structure, thinner and less rigid wings, shorter and 
more slender antennae, very prevalent inflation of the bases of the 
nervures of the fore-wing, and constantly closed discoidal cell and 
incomplete inner-marginal groove of the hind-wings, are characters 
serving to distinguish the perfect insects from the Nymphalinm gene- 
rally ; while the extreme atrophy of the first pair of legs points to a 
strong afiinity to the Danainm. The relationship to the Nymphalino& 
is best shown in some of the larger forms, such as the Indian genus 
Neorina, Westw., and the South- American Tisiphone, Hiibn., in which 
the fore-wing nervures are not or but slightly dilated, and also in the 
genera BehiSj Westw., and Melanitis, Fab. It is with some hesitation 
that I have determined on placing the South- African Meneris, Westw., 
■ among the Satyrinm^ looking to its robust structure generally, and its 
long and rather thick antennae ; but the hirsute palpi and eyes, the 
striking development of the ocellated spots of the hind-wings, the 
habits of the butterfly, and the characters presented by its larva and 
pupa, taken altogether, seem to justify the position so long ago assigned 
to this fine insect by Hiibner. 
