SOUTH-AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 
I 
15. (8.) Pseudonympha vigilans, sp. nov. 
Erehia Ilippia, Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Aust., ii. p, 199, n. 113 (1866). 
Exp. al., I in. 7 lin. — 2 in. 
J Fale, dull, greyish-hmun ; in each luing a small post-median deep- 
fulvous patch, — in fore-wing slightly intruding on outer part of discoidal 
cell, in hind-ioing ivholly leyond it. Fore-iving : black apical ocellus 
large, bipupillate with bluisb- white (the upper pupil the larger), in a 
rather ill-defined yellowish-grey ring; fulvous patch rather elongated 
transversely, lying between second radial and first median nervules, and 
not extending as far as ring of ocellus, — its outline somewhat rounded. 
Hind-ioing : fulvous patch smaller and more rounded than that of fore- 
wing, scarcely rising above third, and not quite descending to first 
median nervule. Under side. — Costa and apex of fore-wing and whole 
of hind-wing grey, with brown hatchings or short striolce} Fore-wing : 
fulvous patch very much enlarged inwardly, extending uninterruptedly 
to base; ring of ocellus better defined, outwardly edged with brown 
throughout. Hind-iuing : costal, apical, and upper hind-marginal area 
usually tinged with brownish, making the striolae there less apparent; 
sometimes a small unipupillate, black, yellowish-ringed ocellus near 
hind-margin, between first and second median nervules, and sometimes 
also a similar, larger, subapical ocellus between the subcostal nervules. 
^ Paler, especially the fidvous patches, of which that in fore-wing is 
rounder and intruding more on discoidal cell. Hind-wing : rarely a 
single indistinct small ocellus between first and second median nervules.^ 
As a rule, specimens from the Cape Peninsula (Cape Town to Simon's 
Town) have no ocelli on the under side of the hind-wings ; the 9 occasionally, 
and the $ very rarely, presents a minute one between first and second median 
nervules, but the subapical ocellus seems to be always wanting. It is probable 
that this form prevails through the greater part of the Colony, as the examples 
I met with near Grahamstown were quite like those found in the Cape Dis- 
trict. But farther to the east and north-east it is common to find specimens 
in which both ocelli (and especially the subapical one) are more or less well 
marked. This character is, however, most variable ; for instance, among nine- 
teen Basutoland examples collected by Colonel Bowker, five (including two $ ) 
exhibit no trace of the subapical ocellus ; one has the ocellus very small ; five 
present it small but distinct ; two ( $ and $ ) possess it of a moderate size ; 
in five it is large ; and one (a (J ) has it very large and conspicuous. Besides 
this tendency to the development of the subapical ocellus, the specimens in 
question exhibit a browner under side of the hind-wing, owing to the more 
general and pronounced striolation ; and on the upper side of the fore-wing the 
^ In some Natalian and Transvaalian specimens of both sexes there are distinctly fulvous 
striolte mixed with the brown ones, and two imperfect series of these, forming a median and 
a submarginal streak, are specially noticeable. This peculiarity is much developed in two 
small c?s taken by Colonel Bowker near the sources of St. John's River, in the mountainous 
country on the border between Kafirland and Natal. 
" In two (5 s taken at Burghersdorp by Dr. Kannemeyer in 1883, this ocellus is well marked 
on both sides of the wing, and one of them very nearly equals in size (on the imder side) the 
subapical ocellus, which is itself unusually large. In the other S this subapical ocellus is 
quite distinct, though of small size, on the upper side. 
