176 
SOUTH-AFEICAN BUTTEEFLIES. 
group, but at or beyond end of cell in Euryta and Gea group. Hind- 
tuings with discoidal cell shorter ; in Euryta group exceedingly short. 
Abdomen more slender, longer ; in Euryta group sometimes longer 
than the hind-wings. 
Larva. — Like that of Acrwa, but with longer spines. 
Pupa. — Like that of Acra^a, but with back of abdomen armed 
with several pairs of pointed tubercles or long filaments ; the head and 
back of thorax also tuberculated in some species. 
This genus has a very distinct facies, owing to the blackish or 
dusky-brown ground-colour of the wings, plainly banded with rufous, 
yellowish, or white, and the length of the fore- wings and abdomen. 
The palpi are in nearly all cases black, streaked with white, instead of 
yellow, as in Acra^a ; and the long abdomen has in both sexes the 
incisions of the segments superiorly, a row of large spots on each side, 
and the inferior surface generally, ochre-yellow. 
The point of origin of the first subcostal nervure of the fore-wings, 
used by Doubleday to distinguish the two groups represented by Lycoa 
and Gca^ is an unstable character in Planema, for while in the Lycoa \ 
group it seems constantly to be before the end of the discoidal cell (as 1 
in Acrcca), it is just at the end of the cell in the ^ s of P. Euryta and 
Aga7iice, but beyond it in the $ s of those species as well as in both 
sexes of F. Oca. 
Planema is a thoroughly tropical and sylvan genus of Acrceince, 
strongly characteristic of Western Africa, whence about twenty closely- 
allied species have been recorded. The males usually present yellowish 
or rufous bands, and the females broader white ones, but the latter 
occasionally present both white and coloured markings, and in some 
cases the bands are white in both sexes. 
The Planemm are, even more than the Acrcea^, the objects of the 
closest mimicry " by Nymphalinm of the genera Pseudacrcea and • 
Elymnias, and one, the $ of P. Gea (Fab.), is also faithfully imitated 
by the $ of Papilio Cynorta, Fab. The Pseudacrmx present some of 
the most thoroughly deceptive mimicries known, their imitation ex- 
tending to both sexes, however different in colouring these may be, 
and following every variation in the models, however slight. 
Only two South- African species are known, P. Esebria, Hewits., 
belonging to the Lycoa group, and P. Aganice^ Hewits., belonging 
to the Euryta group. Both are natives of Natal, but while the former 
extends as far south-westward as King William's Town, the latter is not 
known to range beyond the Igora River in Kaffraria Proper. They 
frequent wooded places, and fly higher at times than any of the species 
of Acrwm that I have seen on the wing. 
