NYIMPHALINiE. 
199 
being on tliird median nervule at a little distance from its origin. 
Eind-wings : broad, often somewhat prolonged in anal-angular portion ; 
costa moderately or very slightly arclied, but prominent at base ; liind- 
margin moderately dentate-sinuate, the dentations on third and first 
median nervules sometimes projecting more than the rest; anal angle 
well-marked ; inner-margins meeting to form a deep complete groove 
to a little distance beyond end of abdomen, but thence moderately 
emarginate and divergent ; costal nervure extending to apex ; discoidal 
cell very short, the closing lower disco-cellular nervule long, oblique, 
very attenuated, joining median nervure at origin of its second ner- 
vule ; internal nervure extending to end of inner-marginal groove. 
Fore-legs of $ conspicuous, brush-like, very densely clothed and fringed 
with hair (especially on tibia and tarsus) ; of $ similar, but the tarsus 
with distinct articulations, slightly spinose beneath, and hairy, chiefly 
on the basal portion. Middle and hind legs rather long and stout, 
scaly ; tibiaa beneath with a lateral row of strong spines externally, 
and two rows internally, the terminal spurs long and rigid ; tarsi very 
spinose laterally and beneath ; terminal claws stout and curved. 
Abdomen short, but rather thick. 
Larva. — Elongate, with numerous rigid spines set with bristles ; 
head and segment next it without spines. 
Pupa. — Moderately stout, angulated, tuberculated on back of 
abdomen ; head rather bluntly bifid ; ornamented with gilded spots 
and spaces. 
Fyretmeis is very closely allied to Vanessa^ Fab., and by many 
authors is not separated from the latter genus. The species compos- 
ing it are, however, of a less robust structure ; their wings (especially 
the hind-wings) are very much less angulated ; their palpi not nearly 
so hairy (particularly as regards the terminal joint) ; and the colour- 
ing and pattern of both surfaces of their wings, prevailing without 
great modification throughout the group, are altogether different from 
those exhibited by Vanessa. The two sections so well represented by 
such familiar butterflies as the " Painted Lady " (P. Cardiii) and 
the " Red Admiral " (P. Atalanta) do not materially differ in mark- 
ings, their very different aspect being found on close comparison to be 
owing entirely to the predominance of the black basally in Atcdanta, 
and of the red basally in Cardui. The under side in Pyramcis is of 
remarkable beauty, and quite unlike that of Vanessa, being greatly 
variegated, marked with submarginal ocelli, and usually intersected by 
whitish nervures in the hind-win q^s. 
The distribution of the thirteen or fourteen species may be said to 
include the whole globe, except the extremes of North and South, and 
a broad equatorial belt in South America ; but the only representative 
in South Africa is P. Cardui, the most widely-ranging and generally- 
distributed of all butterflies. The force of the genus is strikingly 
illustrated by its prevalence in oceanic islands and the farthest extremi- 
