276 
SOUTH-AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 
legs of J small and slender ; femur clotlied with long hair infe- 
riorly, — tibia and tarsus fringed with short hair ; of $ not very much 
larger, but throughout with much scantier hair ; tarsus much better 
developed, indistinctly articulate, spinulose at extremity. Middle and 
hind legs of moderate length, rather thick, scaly ; tarsi with two rows 
of strong spines beneath and a few small ones above, — the terminal 
spurs long and strong ; tarsi spiny, especially beneath, where the 
spines at end of each joint are longer than the rest. 
Abdomen of moderate length, rather stout. 
Larva. — Eather tapering towards head, armed with stout, rigid, 
branched spines ; head with two erect, elongate, spinose horns. 
Pupa. — Thick, rounded, more or less constricted at junction of 
thorax and abdomen ; head very bluntly bifid, not prominent ; dorso- 
tiioracic prominence rather elevated posteriorly ; wing-covers bi-angu- 
lated laterally at and near bases, somewhat jDrojecting at apices; 
abdomen strongly arched ; back of thorax with three very small acute 
tubercles on each side ; back of abdomen with three rows of larger 
very acute tubercles, and each side with two rows of very small or minute 
ones. 
Plate I. fig. 5. 
Of this genus, as restricted by recent authors, only one species, 
the well-known D. Misippus (Linn.) — long called by the name of its 
near ally, D. Bolina (Linn.) — occurs in South Africa. It is rather a 
large butterfly, expanding over three inches; the male being of remark- 
able beauty and instantly recognised by the large purple-ringed white 
spot which adorns the black upper surface of each wing, while the 
entirely different female is coloured with reddish-ochreous in close 
imitation of Danais Chrysippus. As will be seen from the list of 
localities given below, this species has an immense range over the . 
warmer regions of the globe ; but I think Mr. Wallace (following 
Westwood, loc, cit.) inaccurately — in his JS^otes on Eastern Butter- 
flies in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London for 
1869, p. 280 — gives it as a native of Australia. Except in copying 
the varieties of Danais Chrysippns, the female Diadema Misippus can- 
not be termed very variable ; but the female of the closely related D. 
Bolina is one of the most unstable forms known, exhibiting such 
numerous variations that quite a formidable array of different names 
has been assigned to it by various authors. The geographical distribu- 
tion of this Diadema is also extremely wide, including India, the whole 
Malayan Archipelago, Australia, and many islands of the Pacific, but 
not any part of Africa. 
y As Mr. Wallace, however, points out, these two Diademce stand 
alone in their enormous range, the great majority of the genus occur- 
ring in the Austro-Malayan Islands only, while six or seven are 
described from Polynesia. Besides Misippus^ the Ethiopian Region 
