NYMPHALIN.R 
303 
produced in apical portion ; costa usually rather strongly arched ; apex 
not pronounced ; hind-margin slightly sinuated, slightly or moderately 
concave about middle ; inner margin almost straight ; costal nervure 
strong, ending considerably beyond middle ; first and second subcostal 
nervules arising (the former at some distance, the latter considerably) 
before extremity of discoidal cell, — third at a little distance beyond 
extremity of cell and extending to apex, — fourth very short, arising not 
very far before, and terminating a little below, apex ; npper disco-cel- 
lular nervnle extremely short, — middle one short, slightly curved, — 
lower one rather long, oblique, slightly curved, very slender, joining 
third median nervule at a little distance beyond its origin ; discoidal 
cell short, rather wide at extremity. Hind-iuings broad, in ^ somewhat 
(rarely much) produced in anal angular portion ; precostal nervure 
strong, much curved ; costal nervure extending to apex ; upper disco- 
cellular nervule united to second subcostal nervule not far from the 
latter's origin, — lower one very attenuated, sligLtly curved, joining- 
third median nervule at or just beyond its origin ; d'scoidal cell very 
short, rather narrow ; internal nervure strong, rather short ; costa very 
convex at base, and thence moderately arched (more so in ^) ; hind- 
margin more sinuated than in fore-wings ; anal angle rather marked 
(rarely projecting as a short "tail"); inner margins very convex, 
forming a deep complete groove to beyond middle. Fore-legs of $ 
rather large ; femur hairy beneath, — tibia and tarsus densely fringed 
with rather long hair, — the latter joint nearly half as long as the former ; 
of the $ larger and longer, scaly, with only the femur hairy, — tarsus 
rather long, indistinctly articulated, sharply spinulose beneath towards 
extremity. Middle and hind legs thick, rather long ; tibiae slightly 
spinose above, strongly so beneath, — the terminal spurs long and rigid ; 
tarsi long and thick, very spinose throughout, but more strongly so 
beneath . 
Abdomen compressed, rather short, hairy on back near base. 
Among the characters given above, those which best distinguish 
Eiiplmdra are the broad head, small short palpi, very long straight 
antennse, closed wing-cells, very short fourth subcostal nervule of the 
fore-wings, thick spinose legs, and very robust thorax. The last-named 
feature reaches its extreme in E. Perseis (Drury), but is almost as 
marked in E, Eleios (Dru.), where the volume of the thorax is larger 
proportionally than in the most robust Charaxes. 
The colouring of the majority of the species is above black glossed 
more or less with dark-greenish or bluish-purple, and marked in the 
fore-wings with a bluish-whitish or dull-yellow subapical bar, and in 
the hind-wings with a central space of greenish or bluish inclining to 
whitish in the middle ; while beneath the surface is of a yellowish- or 
bronzy-green, with numerous sub-basal and submarginal black spots, 
and in some species basal or discal spaces of purplish-crimson. A 
section of the genus, however, distinguished by the extraordinary size 
