312 
SOUTH-AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 
different points of origin of the first, second, and third subcostal nervules 
of the fore-wings ; longer internal nervure and less developed upper 
disco-cellular nervule of the hind-wings ; and much less spinose middle 
and hind tibise. 
The butterflies of this genus are very variable in the outline of 
their wings, and the females appear almost always to have longer and 
more angulated (though often apically less acute) fore-wings than the 
males. As, besides this, the disparity in the upper-side colouring and 
marking of the sexes is very great, and is noticeable also in some cases 
with regard to the under side, much difficulty is experienced in satis- 
factorily determining the limits of the species. The males are almost 
unicolorous above, the field of creamy or greenish white, pale or deep 
ochre-yellow, or (in two cases) deep-red, being varied only by some 
fuscous hind-marginal zigzag edgings, and (more rarely) discal cloud- 
ing ; while the females are strikingly different and very varied in pattern, 
for the most part rather resembling Limenitis in their white or ochre- 
yellow banding on a dark-brown or fuscous ground. On the under 
side both sexes bear numerous fine, dark, broken strise and striola3, and 
a common more strongly marked discal transverse streak on a pale or 
deep ochreous or ochreous-and- ferruginous ground ; but in two cases 
the females have a shining pale-greenish under side with the white 
markings of the upper side reproduced. 
Thirty-two species have been recorded, all from Tropical Africa 
except the South- African H. Alcimcda (Godt.), which is the smallest 
of the genus. No other South-African species has been described ; but 
I have received from Natal a much-broken $ Harma^ taken by Colonel 
Bowker, which is larger and paler and has much longer antennaB than 
the $ Alcimcda (= Eiqnthes^ Westw.), and which I believe will be found 
to represent a distinct species. It is only in wooded tracts that E. 
Alcimcda is to be met with, but the insect is rather widely distributed, 
occurring as far to the south and west as the district of Knysna in 
the Cape Colony. 
102. (1.) Harma Alcimeda, (Godart). 
$ Nymphalis Alcimeda, Godt., Enc. Meth., ix. p. 384, n. 112 (18 19). 
^ Harma Eupithes, Westw., Gen. Diurn. Lep., ii. p. 289, pi. 41, f. i (1850). 
„ „ Trim., Rhop. Afr. Aust., i. p. 160, n. 95 (1862). 
9 Hanna Alcimeda, Trim., op. cit., p. 159, n. 94. 
Exp. al., I in. 9 lin. — 2 in. I lin. 
$ Cream-colour, with a slight yclloio .tinge ; hordered tuith two 
hroivnish-fuscous lunulated streaks. Fore-iving : base suffused with 
fuscous-grey, most widely on inner margin ; in discoidal cell, about its 
middle, a small irregular imperfect fuscous ring, open on median 
nervure, and with the outer edge prolonged downward in a curved 
line almost to submedian nervure ; a large somewhat quadrate fuscous 
