3i6 
SOUTH-AFEICAN BUTTERFLIES. 
nate ; costa moderately or rather strongly arched, its edge horny and 
very finely serrated to beyond middle ; hind-margin entire or gently 
sinuated, more or less hollowed about its middle, but very prominent 
above and at posterior angle, — sometimes angulated or sub-angulated 
below apex ; inner margin almost straight ; nervures very strong and 
rigid ; costal nervure very thick, ending at or a little beyond middle, — 
first subcostal nervule originating little more than half way between 
base and extremity of discoidal cell, — second at a little distance before, 
third at a little distance beyond extremity, the latter ending at apex, 
fourth not far beyond third, very long, bent downward not very far 
before apex ; upper and middle disco-cellular nervules very short (the 
latter rather the longer), not oblique, slightly curved, — lower one very 
much longer, more slender, slightly or more strongly-curved, joining 
third median nervule at a considerable distance from latter's origin ; 
discoidal cell short, narrow. Hind-iuings broad, rather truncate, some- 
times more or less produced at anal angle ; costa strongly or very 
strongly arched ; apex rather marked ; hind-margin sinuated or mode- 
rately dentated, tailed usually on third and first median nervules, but 
sometimes only on the former, and rarely (in only on the latter ; 
inner margins long, forming a broad, deep, complete groove, but more 
or less emarginate beyond middle ; precostal nervure thick, transverse, 
abruptly bent outwardly near its extremity ; costal nervure much 
curved, terminating at apex; upper disco-cellular nervule forming the 
much-curved base of radial nervule, and united to second subcostal 
nervule at some distance from latter's origin, — lower one either wanting 
or extremely attenuated (in the latter case joining median nervure just 
at origin of its third nervule) ; internal nervure very strong, short, 
ending at about middle of inner margin. Fore-legs of $ extremely 
small, rather thickly clothed with downy hair, — tibia and tarsus 
together about as long as or a little longer than femur, — tarsus very 
short ; of $ much larger and longer, scaly, — femur inferiorly finely 
hairy, especially towards extremity, — tarsus about as long as tibia, 
thickened and obliquely truncate at extremity (which bears inferiorly 
three pairs of short spines), with articulations scarcely defined. Middle 
and hind legs short, thick, scaly ; tibia3 considerably shorter than femora, 
often finely and thinly spinulose generally, with two inferior rows of 
short spines, and short terminal spurs, — tarsi thick, densely spiny be- 
neath, sometimes finely spinulose above. 
Abdomen short, moderately stout in ^, very robust in $ ; tufted 
with silky hair inferiorly at base. 
Larva. — Finely granulated, thickened about middle, attenuated 
towards tail, without spines on body ; head large, wide, flattened, 
prognathous, and sloping backward, crowned with four spinose horns 
or processes ; anal segment more or less bifid. 
Pupa. — Very thick, rounded, smooth ; back extremely convex ; 
head very bluntly bifid ; anal segment with two small round tubercles 
