346 
SOUTH-AFRICA^^ BUTTERFLIES. 
head, interrupted on tlie line of tlie antennae. Anal segment pro- 
duced, and bearing three pairs of small pointed tubercles. 
The above description of the larva and pupa are made from notes and 
drawings of Natalian specimens communicated to me by Captain H. C, Har- 
ford and Mr. "W. D. Gooch. The former gentleman wrote that he found 
several of the larvse almost full-grown in the month of April, and that 
shortly before becoming pupse they changed to a very light-green. The but- 
terflies were disclosed after thirteen days' pupation. 
This close ally of C. Xiphares (Cram.) is readily recognised by the charac- 
ters given above, which appear to be quite constant. It seems also to be 
quite a local form, as I have seen no examples except from the coast of 
Natal, and have found no record of its occurrence elsewhere. 
At D' Urban, Port Natal, Cithceron is of very frequent occurrence. From 
the middle of February to the beginning of April 1867 I observed many 
specimens of both sexes, frequenting chiefly the " sucking-places " on the 
stems and branches of Zygia fastigiata (the Flat-crown Acacia), on which 
tree, as above noted, the larva lives, and of Acacia Lehheck. Another 
favourite resort of this butterfly was an exudation on the stem of Oncoha 
spinosa in the Botanic Garden. In habits and flight it entirely resembles 
its close congener. I observed a specimen on the wing on 23d June 1865; 
and Colonel Bowker has taken examples in the month of August ; but they 
are only numerous in the summer months. When within reach, specimens 
engaged in feeding are easily captured. 
The paired sexes were taken by Colonel Bowker, and sent to me in August 
1881. 
Localities of Charaxes Cithceron. 
I. South Africa. 
E. Natal. 
a. Coast Districts. — D'Urban. Lower Umkomazi" — J. H. 
Bowker. 
117. (15.) Charaxes Xiphares, (Cramer). 
9 Papilio XipjliareSy Cram., Pap. Exot., iv. t. ccclxxvii. fF. a, b (1782). 
^ Papilio Thyestes, Stoll, Suppl. Cram. Pap. Exot., t. xxxii. ff. 2, 2B 
(1791)- 
Nymphalis Thurius, Godt., Enc. Meth., ix. p. 354, n. 15 (18 19). 
$ Nymplialis Xiphares, Godt., op. cit, p. 357, n. 25. 
$ „ Trim., Bhop. Afr. Aust., i. p. 167, n. 97 (1862). 
Exp. al, ($) 3 in. 7-10 lin. ; ($) 3 in. 10 lin.— 4 in. 5 lin. 
^- Black, glossed with violaceous-blue, and ivith violaceous-hlue hands 
and spots. Fore-iving : strongly glossed with blue from base ; a median, 
transverse row of blue spots commencing immediately beyond extremity 
of discoidal cell, and extending to inner margin beyond middle, where 
it is joined by the last two or three spots of another, straighter row of 
smaller blue spots, commencing on costa, not very far from apex, with 
two conspicuous white spots ; along hind-marginal edge are observable 
some faint, small, pale-ochreous spots, one between each two nervules, 
except between first median nervule and submedian nervure, where there 
are two such spots. Hind-iving : a broad, median, violaceous-blue 
