68 
SOUTH-AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 
separate tlian in Ling ens ; fascia beyond middle more macular, inclin- 
ing inwards, interrupted on second and first median nervules, and 
reaching submedian nervure ; marginal stripe almost obliterated with, 
brown, except at apex, which is rather conspicuously whitish. Hind- 
iving : fascia about middle darker, much more regular, united at end of 
cell with discal brown cloud ; the white spot enlarged to a hroad ivhitish 
inner margined speice, and more deeply incising the cloud by a co7ispicuous 
acute dash between third and second medians : hind marginal spots 
smaller, duller than in Zingcus, the lower often obsolete. 
^ Cup'eons hrown, more or less shot with violet from bases ; or dull 
greyish-hrown, without any violet lustre. Fore-wing : an indistinct 
terminal disco- cellular spot. Hind-iuing : black spot whitish-ringed, 
sometimes dusted with bluish-silvery ; indistinct traces of a hind 
marginal row of whitish rings or lunules. Under side. — As in 
The (J varies considerably in the depth and intensity of the upper side 
violaceous, some of the specimens being of remarkable beauty in this respect. 
A from the Lydenburg District of the Transvaal has under-side markings 
very deep rich brown and their white edgings very sharp and distinct. Yery 
small examples of the 5 '"^re sometimes found ; one that I took at Knysna 
measures little over seven lines across the wings, but the smallest I have seen 
—captured in Weenen County, Natal, by Mr. Hutchinson — expands 6 lines 
only. 
A very close ally of Palemon is found in Australia. In i88i I saw a 
specimen of what I believed to be Palemon, ticketed "Australia" in the 
Hewitson Collection ; it was placed with Cape specimens, and I noted the 
locality as in all probability an erroneous one. Finding, however, that Mr. 
A. G. Butler recorded an example from Melbourne in the Annals and 
Magazine of Natural History for February 1882 (p. 85), I wrote to him on 
the subject, and he very kindly made a re-examination and comparison of the 
specimens available, with the result that he was convinced that the Australian 
species was not identical with Palemon, "the chief difference being that on 
the under-surface of the hind-wings the dark central band is continuous 
(though in confluent square spots) and not united to the external border by 
the blackish shade always found in the African species." 
This LyccEna is common and of wide distribution over South Africa, 
appearing throughout the year. Its flight is rather weak and always near 
the ground, and it constantly settles on low flowers. I have often noticed 
the female fluttering about the leaves of Pelargonium, and think it probable 
that the eggs are laid on them. Though frequenting open ground generally, 
Pcdemon shows a preference for damp hollows about watercourses ; it is often 
met with in gardens and cultivated spots. I took the paired sexes at Knysna 
on 20th December 1858. 
Localities of Lyccena Palemo7i. 
I. South Africa. 
B. Cape Colony. 
a. Western Districts. — Cape Town. Malmesbury. Caledon (/. X. 
Merriman). Knysna. Plettenberg Bay. 
h. Eastern Districts. — Port Elizabeth {J. L. Fry). Uitenhage. 
Grahamstown and Fort Brown, Albany District. King Wil- 
liam's Town (/. H. Boivlier). Murraysburg (/. /. Muskett). 
c. Basutoland. — Koro Koro and Maseru (J. II. Boiclcer). 
