90 SOUTH-AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 
Locality of Lycwna Boivkeri. 
L South Africa. 
E. Natal. 
h. Upper Districts. — Inchanga (/. H. Boiclxer). 
Genus CHRYSOPHANUS. 
CJirysoplimius, Hiib., Verz. Bek. Scbmett., p. 72(1816); Westw., Gen. 
Diurn. Lep., ii. p. 497 (1852). 
Lycce7ia, Fab., Uliger's Mag., vi. p. 285 (1807), sect. 3 [part]. 
Polyommatus, Latr. [part], Encyc. Metb., ix. p. 11 (18 19); Ilerricb- 
Scbaffer, Syst. Bearb. Scbmett, Europ., i. p. 130 (1843). 
Imago. — General characters of Lycwna. Eyes always naked ; palpi 
with bristly hair beneath ; antcnnw rather thicker. Thorax stout, as in 
the robuster species of Lyccena. Forc-wings more acute apically. Hind- 
wings with anal angle acuter and more prominent (very slightly so in 
the South-African G. Ones), and sometimes with a more or less acute 
projection at extremity of first median nervule. Fore-legs of $ longer 
and stouter than in Lyccvna^ — tibia with scattered spines beneath, be- 
sides several at extremity, but without terminal hook, — tarsus very 
thickly spinose beneath and less so laterally, terminating in a slightly- 
curved claw ; of $ similar, but with tarsus fully developed, articulated, 
with much-curved terminal claws. Ifieldle and hi7ul legs rather shorter 
and thicker than in Lycojna, — tibia3 with two or three short spines 
beneath, and with terminal spurs thick, — tarsi very spiny beneath and 
with a few short spines above ; the long first joint in the $ more or less 
swollen. 
Larva. — More flattened (less convex dor sally) than in Lyccena; 
more or less finely pubescent. 
Pupa, — Shorter, thicker, rounder than in Lyewim, especially an- 
teriorly. 
(These characters of larva and pupa are gathered from the figures 
and descriptions of many authors.) 
In structure, as well as in pattern of markings, Chrysophanits is so 
intimately related to Lyemna that it is very doubtful whether the group 
is entitled to more than subgeneric rank. The characters of the legs 
alone seem to present any distinction of importance. At the same 
time, the beautiful insects referred to Chrysophanns have a very 
distinct facies, and it is perhaps better to keep them apart from the 
immense genus, to which they are unquestionably most closely allied. 
The Chrysophani are mostly distinguished by the golden or coppery 
red of the upper side of the wings, which is specially splendid (and 
sometimes, as in C. Orus^ shot with blue-violaceous) in the males, but 
usually much duller in the black-spotted females, whose hind-wings, 
too, are sometimes brown or suffused with brown. In some species. 
