LYC^NID^. 
91 
both sexes are spotted with black above, and occasionally (Borilis, 
Hufn.) the male is much darker and with less trace of red than the 
female. The single South-African species presents but little difference 
in the sexes, both being metallic orange-red ; but the male has a 
violaceous surface-lustre absent in the female, while the latter has 
on the hind-wings as well as on the fore-wings a discal series of black 
spots. On the under side Cliryso^plianus has quite the pattern of the 
large Alexis or Cory don group of Lyccena ; though in the more brilliant 
species the soft orange tint of the fore-wings gives a very different 
general aspect, and in some cases (as in PhlxaSj Linn.) the markings 
are in the hind-wings much obscured. 
As in Lyccena^ there has been considerable difficulty in determining 
the limits of the species, and the synonymy of the European forms is 
an intricate affair. There would appear, however, to be about forty 
recognised species, of which rather more than half belong to the Palse- 
arctic Region, ten or eleven inhabiting Europe proper. Nearly all the 
remainder are recorded from North America ; but a few species occur 
most remarkably at isolated points far remote from each other, viz., 
four in New Zealand, one in Queensland (Australia), one at the Cape, 
and one in Chili. In Abyssinia a close ally or variety of C. Fhlceas 
{0. FseiidophlceaSy Lucas) occurs, and Mr. Godman has noted (Froc. 
Zool. Soc. Zond., 1885, p. 539) the capture of a single specimen of a 
CKrysopJianus on Kilima-njaro in Tropical Eastern Africa. The out- 
lying species just referred to — with the exception perhaps of Pscudo- 
phlceas — are of distinct facies and apparently limited range ; but many 
of the genus roam widely over Europe and Asia, while Fhlceas occupies 
the entire Palsearctic Region and great part of North America, and 
was one of the five butterflies taken in Grinnell Land (lat. 81° 45' N.) 
by Captain Feilden. 
Glirysoipliamis Orus is common and generally distributed in open 
ground over most of South Africa, and may be found on the wing 
throughout the year. 
166. (1.) Chrysophanus Orus, (Cramer). 
? ^ Papilio Orus, Cram., Pap. Exot., iv. t. eccxxxii., ff. e, f (1782). 
Papilio Areas, Fab., Mant. Ins., ii. p. 80, n. 728 (1787); and 
Hesjperia Areas, Ent. Syst., iii. i. p. 311, n. 179 (1793). 
Polyommatus Orus, Godt., Enc. Meth., ix. p. 672, n. 172 (1823). 
^ $ Chrysophanus Orus, Trim., Rhop. Afr. Aust., ii. p. 259, n. 160 
(1866). 
Exp. al, ($) 10^ lin. — i in. i lin. ; ($) II lin. — I in. 2-I- lin. 
$ Metallic orange-red, luith a hlue-violaceous lustre ; a narrow 
llackish hind-marginal edging and some Mack discal sjpots ; bases slightly 
dusky. Fore-wing : a lunule closing cell ; usually a small spot in cell ; 
beyond middle an irregular row of six or seven spots between costa 
