I70 
SOUTH-AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 
fuscous spot bounded interiorly by a small shining-whitisli or silvery 
spot ; sometimes an indistinct liind-marginal oclireous-yellow spot just 
above submedian nervure. Under side. — Very pale dull hroiunisTi-grey, 
with more or less of an ochrey-yelloiu tinge ; disco-cellular, discal, and 
suhnarginal spots paler (almost whitish), with darh edging on hotli sides, 
in fore-iving genercdly, in hind,-wing more sparsely, scaled ivith silvery. 
Fore-iving : three ordinary disco-cellular spots ; discal row of six spots, 
of wliicli the second is out of line, being before the first and third ; 
a longitudinal row of three similar much smaller spots not far from 
costal edge ; submarginal row of spots less distinct, usually only their 
outer black edging represented by blackish dots ; a good-sized blackish 
basal mark between median and submedian nervures. Hind-iving : 
a spot between costal and subcostal nervures near base ; two in dis- 
coidal cell ; a sub-basal row of four, of which the second is at extremity 
of cell ; eight spots in irregular discal row, their darker edging usually 
very indistinct ; submarginal row regular but usually indistinct ; anal- 
angular black spot better marked than on upper side, and really the 
outer edging of the last spot of submarginal row. 
$ Slightly paler ; in fore-wing usually an indistinct lunulate darker 
marking at extremity of discoidal cell. Under side. — Markings generally 
more defined, especially those of fore-wing, whose black edging is 
usually well developed. 
Though the miicolorous upper side of this dull-coloured species presents 
little or no variation except in depth of tint, the under side is very variable, 
whether as regards the shade of the ground-colour, the distinctness of the 
markings, or the amount and distribution of the silvery scaling of the spots. 
The latter feature is best developed in a from Pinetown, and a ^ and two 
$ s from the Yaal River, Griqualand West. Three of the s I took near 
Grahamstown have the black interior edges of the discal spots enlarged so as 
to form three inter-nervular rays as far as median nervure in the fore-wings. 
The Transvaal specimens are much paler than those taken in Cape Colony 
and lllatal, the silvery scaling is almost obsolete, and there exists in three of 
them a small faint ochre-yellow mark on hind-margin just above submedian 
nervure (which is also very fully indicated on the upper side. The $ de- 
scribed by Wallengren is evidently of this local variation, in which that sex 
is considerably larger than elsewdiere. The only specimen (a ^) taken by 
Colonel Bowker in Basutoland was darker than usual, and the largest of that 
sex I have seen ; the fore-wings, too, were acuter at the apex than in any other 
example. 
Wallengren {Ofo. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 1875, pp. 86, 87) has made this 
insect the type of a new genus, viz., Crudaria ; but the characters given do 
not seem to me to warrant this course, — the only feature of moment being the 
subcostal nervure of the fore-wings, which is vaguely described as " hira- 
7nosa vel triramosa,^' and Leroma having really a short third branch of that 
nervure ending on costa not far from apex. The palpi have the terminal joint 
long and slender in both sexes, but more so in the female. 
I did not receive any examples of this butterfly until 1869, when two 
specimens reached me from ISTataL^ In January 1870 the Basutoland $ above- 
^ I had in 1867 seen and described a damaged specimen in the Burchell Collection at 
the Hopeian Museum, Oxford, but did not at the time identify it with Leroma. 
