INTRODUCTION 
9 
early in the spring of 1902 in the lochs situated in the more northerly 
part of the Tay basin, the survey being gradually extended to the 
lochs northwards of this region, and subsequently to all the river- 
basins on the mainland of Scotland, as well as the western and 
northern islands. 
Up to the time of Mr F. P. Pallar's death, 15 lochs had been 
surveyed; during 1902, 154 lochs were surveyed; during 1903, 250 
lochs were surveyed; during 1904, 84 lochs were surveyed; during 
1905, lochs were surveyed; during 1906, 26 lochs were surveyed; 
making a total of 562 lochs in all. These include all the important 
lochs in Scotland, and bathymetrical maps of each one are given in the 
accompanying volumes. The only Scottish lochs left unsounded were 
those which had no boats on them, or to which boats could not readily 
be transported. 
The actual sounding worii thus extended from the beginning of 
1902 to the end of 1906, but biological observations in the field were 
carried on by Mr James Murray during the first half of 1907, until 
he left to take part in Lieutenant Shackleton's Antarctic expedition ; 
and Mr E. M. Wedderburn also carried on physical observations in 
the field during the years 1908 and 1909. Nearly fifty persons have 
taken part in the work of the Lake Survey for longer or shorter 
periods, as well as numerous boatmen and assistants employed tem- 
porarily for a few days in different parts of the country. In all, over 
60,000 soundings were recorded in the Scottish lochs. 
Mr Laurence Pullar and I are very much indebted to all the 
members of the Lake Survey staff for their enthusiasm and devotion. 
Where all have worked so well, it is perhaps invidious to mention 
anyone specially ; still, it may be but right to say that Mr T. N. 
Johnston, M.B., CM., took a very large part in the general superin- 
tendence of the field work from 1902 to 1907, and that Mr James 
Botany in Dundee University College. In 1905 Mr Ch. Linder, D.Sc, and Mr 
L. W, Collet, D.Sc, took part in the work for short periods, and Mr C. H. 
Martin, B.A., devoted some months in the summers of 1905 and 1906 to the study 
of worms in various lochs. In the summer of 1905 Professor Chrystal undertook 
a systematic investigation into the seiches of Loch Earn and some of the neigh- 
bouring lochs, and in this work he was assisted by Mr J. D. Fulton, B.Sc, Mr 
William Watson, M.A., and Mr Peter White, M.A. Several foreign limnologists 
have visited the Scottish lochs, and have made observations on their fauna and 
flora, etc., for comj)arison with continental lakes, as for instance, Dr C. Wesen- 
berg-Lund of Lyngby, Denmark ; Dr H. Bachmann of Ziirich, Switzerland ; and 
Dr W. Halbfass of Neuhaldensleben, Germany. Father Odo Blundell and Father 
Cyril von Dieckhoft', of St Benedict's Monastery, Fort Augustus, rendered valuable 
assistance during and subsequent to the survey of Loch Ness, Recently Miss 
Stewart and Miss Drummond have been engaged in office work connected with 
the preparation of this report, and Dr W. A. Caspari has made an examination 
of the deposits from the various lochs from a chemical point of view. 
