12 THE FRESH- WATER LOCHS OF SCOTLAND 
hands of the Lake Survey staff has worked admirably and accurately. 
Fig. 5 shows the method of using the machine from a small boat ; it 
can be used in a similar manner from a steam launch or yacht. The 
Pullar sounding-machine was used in all the larger lochs, but for 
small hill-lochs, difficult of access, it was found advisable to construct 
several small machines (see fig. 6), which could be carried in the hand 
or^on a bicycle, and be easily attached to a rowing-boat. A hand- 
line was used in these machines, marked in feet in the usual way. 
Fig. 5. — Method of Sounding. 
(From a photograph by Lady Murray.) 
Although the soundings took a much longer time, still this instru- 
ment proved most satisfactory for hill-lochs in remote positions. 
by means of whicli the machine is fixed to the gunwale of the boat. Over the 
ends of the two upright tubes, at the disconnecting joint (L), is slipped the second 
section of the machine, consisting of two horizontal tubes, to which the drum with 
the sounding wire, measuring pulley, indicating dials, grease-box, etc., are all 
fixed. The drum (A), which carries the wire, is a small suspension wheel, with 
a U-shaped rim, tangent spokes, and gun-metal hub. The hub has cone bearings, 
which can be screwed up, so that any wear may be allowed for. The rim of the 
drum is capable of holding over 1000 feet of three-strand galvanised steel wire 
(F). On the hub of the drum is fixed a bronze pinion- wheel, in gear with another 
pinion- wheel fitted with a crank handle (B), by means of which the wire on the 
rim of the drum may be wound in, and on the other side of the hub is an adjust- 
able band-brake (E) intended to regulate the speed of the wire when running 
out. There is also a stop for the purpose of preventing the weight from running 
out when the machine is not in use. The wire, after leaving the drum, takes a 
