178 THE FRESH- WATER LOCHS OF SCOTLAND 
ing, however, a whole chain of intermediate forms may be 
found. The cine to the submerged hair-hke leaved forms 
{Juncus Jliiitans^ La7n.) is found in shallow places with but a 
few inches of water. Here are found forms bearing degraded 
and abortive flowers, with the leaves of the submerged plant. 
In drier places are found intermediate forms again, often with 
degraded flowers, and frequently viviparous at the nodes 
and inflorescences. The terrestrial forms may resemble 
J. bufonius or certain varieties of J. acutiflorus. These 
terrestrial forms are usually erect, about 6 inches high, having 
leaves with very obscure septa and slightly channelled, flower- 
ing, and not often viviparous ; such represent J. supinus, 
Mcench. Another form, more casspitose and dwarfed, with 
finer leaves, in wetter situations, flowering, not often viviparous, 
may be regarded as var. uliginosus. Then there is a prostrate 
form resembling supinus in size, but with finer leaves, inflores- 
cences more abundant, and in whorls, often viviparous ; this 
may be taken as var. subverticillatus. Then there are the 
half-submerged forms with abortive flowers and hair-like 
leaves from which may be recognised the submerged form with 
tresses of hair-like leaves, and non -flowering — var. fluitans. 
The last form is extremely abundant in nearly all the waters 
of Area I., from the highest mountain loch to Loch Ness, but 
there the other varieties as well as the type are all scarce. In 
Areas IV. to VII. the terrestrial forms are more abundant than 
in the Ness Area, whilst the aquatic form, var. fluitans {Junciis 
fluitans^ Lam.)^ is less dominant than in the Ness Area ; it is, 
however, fairly abundant in most of the peaty lochs of IV. 
and VL, but in V. and VII. it is scarce. These forms are of 
extreme interest ; in them, apparently, may be traced the 
phylogenesis of an extremely abundant and dominant aquatic 
plant, from plastic terrestrial and sub-aquatic forms which are 
not now dominant in these Areas. 
TYPHACE^ 
Typha latifolia, L., IIL, V., VL, VII. Chiefly on the shores of 
lowland lochs, but not common, nor is it often abundant. 
Typha angustifolia, Z., V., VII. Of more restricted distribution 
than the last, but where it does occur it is usually in greater 
abundance and covers a considerable area. 
Sparganium ramosum, Hiids.^ L, IL, IIL, V., VL, VII. More 
abundant in VII. than elsewhere, chiefly on the rich, boggy 
margins of lowland lochs. Dwarf varieties occur as well as 
the large normal form. 
