572 THE FEESH- WATER LOCHS OF SCOTLAND 
resemble the South Bohvian lakes, that only exist as such in the 
rainy season. One fish only is found in Lake Poopo, and it is 
believed to be identical with Orestias Agassizi^ var. inornata, from 
Lake Titicaca. Two species of Copepoda are found in the lake, viz. 
Boeckella propensis and B. occidentalis. 
LAKES CONNECTED WITH RIVERS FLOWING DIRECTLY 
INTO THE OCEAN 
It has been pointed out that the meteorological conditions which 
generally prevail over inland drainage ai-eas are high barometric pres- 
sure, winds blowing from off land and from colder to warmer regions, 
dry atmosphere, bright sunshine, few clouds, and low rainfall — con- 
sequently the maximum of insolation and terrestrial radiation. 
Contrasted In contrast to these conditions we have those that usually prevail 
drainaJ^^^ over the catchment basins which pour their drainage waters directly 
areas. into the ocean — namely, low barometric pressure, winds blowing 
directly from off the ocean and from warmer to colder i"egions, cloudy 
skies, high humidity, and abundant rainfall. In the summer months 
of the northern hemisphere winds commencing near latitude 30° South 
blow home on Southern Asia as the well-known south-west monsoon 
of these regions. The winds of this monsoon distribute a larger 
rainfall over a larger portion of the earth s surface than occurs any- 
where else at any season, and this rainfall is also largely increased by 
the mountains which lie across the path of these rain-bearing winds. 
Many similar, if less striking, instances can be pointed out in other 
regions of the world, so that in the areas now to be considered there 
is usually a more or less abundant rainfall ; consequently all hollows 
or basins in the topography of these regions are filled to the rim with 
lakes. The outflowing rivers from these lakes ultimately, and in some 
instances relatively rapidly, cut down barriers, or fill up the lake-basins 
with detrital matter. The water in these lakes is continually being 
renewed, and is always fresh and drinkable. For such reasons these 
lakes are more uniform in character, and are probably on the whole 
less interesting, than those of the inland drainage areas. The salts 
dissolved out of the land-surfaces are borne directly into the ocean, 
and, accumulating there, tend to alter the composition of sea-water 
salts. We will review these lakes in the following order : — Europe, 
Asia, Africa, America, Australia, and New Zealand. 
Europe. Europe shows in many ways a similarity to North America in 
climatic, as well as in structural and topographical, features. From 
Scandinavia and Finland, which correspond to the Laurentian High- 
lands in America, extensive ice-sheets spread over the adjacent lands 
