574 THE FRESH- WATEfl LOCHS OF SCOTLAND 
was lower than ever previously recorded ; the greatest recorded range 
in the level of the water amounts to 9J feet. The volume of water 
contained in the lake was calculated at 1010 million cubic feet, and 
there is a great wealth of water-plants. 
Bassenthwaite Water lies 223 feet above sea-level, and covers an 
area exactly equal to that of Derwentwater, viz. 2*06 square miles, but 
it is one mile longer. The maximum depth is 70 feet, the mean depth 
18 feet, and the volume of water is estimated at 1023 million cubic 
feet. It receives the drainage from Derwentwater and Thirlmere. 
The second, or deep, type of lakes in this district are long and 
narrow, sometimes winding like Ullswater, sometimes slightly curved 
like Wastwater and Haweswater, and generally lie in long narrow 
valleys with steeply sloping sides, the slopes being continued under 
water with equal steepness, and terminating in a nearly flat bottom. 
Buttermere and Crummock Water, 329 and 321 feet respec- 
tively above sea-level, form a double lake in much the same manner 
as Derwentwater and Bassenthwaite. The plain separating the two, 
three-quarters of a mile in length, is absolutely flat, and lies across 
the mouth of the lateral valley of the Mill Beck, which flows from 
the east and then turns abruptly northward to the lower lake, 
Crummock. Buttermere and Crummock Water are connected by a 
small stream which has been pushed over by the alluvium brought 
down by the Mill Beck close against the steep slope on the western 
side. Buttermere is IJ miles in length, has an area of only 0'36 
square mile, a maximum depth of 94 feet, a mean depth of 54 feet, 
and the volume of water is estimated at 537 million cubic feet. 
Crummock Water is 2J miles in length, has an area of nearly 1 square 
mile, a maximum depth of 144 feet, a mean depth of 87 feet, and the 
volume of water is estimated at 2343 million cubic feet. The out- 
flow from Crummock Water is by the River Cocker, a tributary of 
the Derwent River. 
Ennerdale Water may be looked upon as a combination of the 
deep and shallow types of lake ; the best example in Great Britain 
being Loch Lomond. Ennerdale is a deep narrow lake, widening and 
becoming shallower towards its outlet, the Eden River. It lies 368 
feet above sea-level, has an area of over 1 square mile, a maximum 
depth of 148 feet, a mean depth of 62 feet, and the volume of water 
contained in it is estimated at 1978 million cubic feet. 
Wastwater, lying at the base of Scafell Pike and Scafell, 200 feet 
above sea-level, has an area of over 1 square mile, and is the deepest 
of all the Cumberland lakes, having a maximum depth of 258 feet, a 
mean depth of 134 feet, and the volume of water it contains is esti- 
mated at 4128 million cubic feet. The outflow is at the south-west 
end by the River Irton, a tributary of the River Esk. 
