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Rain seems to be an incentive to many kinds of mosquitoes 
to oviposit ; high spring tides for others, whilst putrefaction 
will induce others, e.g., Culex fatigans, which species will oviposit 
at any time on liquid manure, putrid soap suds, etc. 
Hitherto, the breeding places of some of the most important 
of our mosquitoes have not been located, and male specimens 
of quite a number are unknown, e.g., Pyretophorus atratipes, 
Myzorhynchus bancroftii, Mansonia uniformis, Grabhamia flavi- 
frons, etc. 
Although thirty-two species have been described, and 
possibly there are another twenty species yet to be described, 
only four are present in such numbers as to constitute a nuisance ; 
these four comprise the two introduced species, viz., Culex fatigans 
and Stegomyia fasciata, and the two bush-mosquitoes, Culex 
vigilax and Culex annulirostris. By the exercise of a little 
ingenuity, the numbers of these four species might easily be 
reduced very considerably. 
The " House " and " Tiger " mosquitoes breed about habita- 
tions ; the larva? are found in tanks, which are not protected 
in a proper manner ; the old idea of fixing a metal funnel to the 
manhole inlet is a bad one, for when made of galvanised-iron, 
holes are puched into it so large as to allow of the entrance 
of mosquitoes, and when made of perforated zinc, rotten leaves 
and the dung of pigeons and frogs collecting at the apex, cause 
corrosion or oxidation of the zinc, and in a few months a hole 
results, large enough for even frogs to enter. To obviate this, 
a flat sheet of perforated zinc should be placed over the man-hole, 
and kept in position by being soldered on in a few places. The 
spout from the roof, if entering at an angle, should be made- to 
impinge at the edge ; there will be no loss of water, as is generally 
supposed ; the writer has used this system for twenty years 
and found it most satisfactory ; leaves and bird dung, etc., are 
prevented from entering the tank, and soon get dry, and mostly 
blown off by the wind, or can be swept off. 
There should be an elbow fitted to the over-flow, as then 
no direct light could enter the tank ; the holes punched into 
the tank to constitute the overflow are large, and mosquitoes 
can enter easily, but the elbow effectively prevents them. 
Troughs of water for animals should be emptied out at least 
once a fortnight, and any stagnant water about should be drained ; 
if that cannot be done, a little kerosene applied once a fortnight 
would kill the larva? before they hatched into mosquitoes ; the 
" House Mosquito " often breeds in cesspits ; a cupful of kerosene 
once a fortnight would effectively prevent it doing so. 
The two bush-mosquitoes breed for the most part in pools 
of sea water, that have been left after spring tides ; drains should 
