26 
NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN FISHES 
properly certified from Australian waters, though it possibly occurs 
on our north-western coast. 
Appended is the synonymy and principal differential characters 
of the three species : — 
1. MUGIL CUNNESIUS. 
Kunnesee Russell, Fish. Vizag., li, p. 65, pi. clxxxi, 1803 : Coromandel Coast — 
Cuvier, Regne Anim., 2nd. ed., ii, p. 232, 1829— Griffith, in Cuvier's Anim. 
Kingd., x, p. 224, 1834. 
Mugil cunnesius Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, p. 114, 1836: 
Bombay ; Moluccas— Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1849, p. 1082 : 
Pinang ; Malay Peninsula; Singapore— Gimther, B. M. Catal. Fish., iii, p. 
434, 1861: Amboina-Day, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1865, p. 33: Cochin— id., Fish. 
Malabar, p. 136, 1865. 
? Mugil cunnesius Ruppell, Neue Wirbelth. Abyss., Fisch. p. 131, 1838: Red 
Sea, 
Scales in 42 or 43 transverse series ; depth of body subequal to 
length of head ; upper lip thin ; tip of maxillary exposed ; upper 
profile of snout feebly convex ; outer border of preorbital smooth, 
nearly straight ; spinous dorsal originating nearer to tip of snout 
than to base of caudal ; origins of dorsal fins corresponding to the 
12th. and 25th. body-scales ; vertical fins scaleless ; caudal fin 
emarginate ; pectoral fin much shorter than the head. 
2. MUGIL LONGIMANUS. 
Mugil cunnesius Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind., iii, 1852, p. 434 : Banka ; 
Java ; Madura; Sumatra— id., Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Neerl., viii, I860, p. 8 — 
Day, Fish. India, p. 349, pi. lxxiv, fig. 3, 1876: Orissa ; Bombay. Not of 
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836. 
Mugil longimanus Gunther, B. M. Catal. Fish., iii. p. 428, 1861 : East Indies. 
Mugil engeli Day, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1865, p. 33 : Cochin— id., Fish. Malabar, 
p. 139, 1865. * Not of Bleeker, 1858. 
Scales in 33 to 35 transverse series ; depth of body much greater 
than length of head ; upper lip rather thick ; tip of maxillary con- 
cealed ; upper profile of snout very convex ; outer border of pre- 
orbital curved and serrated ; spinous dorsal originating rather 
nearer to tip of snout than to base of caudal ; origins of dorsal fins 
corresponding to the 10th. and 20th. body-scales ; vertical fins 
scaly ; caudal fin truncated ; pectoral as long as the head. 
3. MUGIL NOETONI. 
Syn. ut supra. 
Differs from 31. longimanus in the following characters : — 
Scales in 32 to 34 transverse series ; upper profile of snout feebly 
convex ; outer border of preorbital deeply notched ; spinous dorsal 
originating nearer to base of caudal than to tip ofc* snout ; origins of 
dorsal fins corresponding to the 13th. and 24th. body-scales ; caudal 
fin emarginate. 
