Clinical Anatomy of the European Hamster 
Figure 2-9 (upper left): External appearance of nasal apex in adult hamster. l = dens incisi- 
vus; 2 = naris; 3 = phlltrum; 4= planum nasale. 
Figure 2-10 (lower left): Section caudal to lingual aspect of incisors. l = dens incisivus; 5 = 
cutis; 6 = septum nasale; 7 = concha nasalis dorsalis; 8 = concha nasalis ventralis; 9 = organum 
vomeronasale; 17 = maxilla. 
Figure 2-11 (upper right); Rostral view of 2 mm thick transverse section immediately caudal 
to that of Fig. 2-10. Note slightly curled parts of dorsal and ventral conchae. l = dens incisivus; 
5 = cutis; 6 = septum nasale; 7 = concha nasalis dorsalis; 8 = concha nasalis ventralis; 9 = organ- 
um vomeronasale; ll = processus alveolaris; 13 = os nasale; 14 = palatum durum; 15 = vomer; 
16 = cavum oris; 17 = maxilla; A = meatus nasi dorsalis (meatus olfactorius); B = meatus nasi 
medius; C = meatus nasi ventralis (meatus respiratorius). 
Figure 2-12 (lower right): Caudal view of above section (Fig. 2-11) demonstrating highly 
developed curling of conchal parts. Note nasolacrimal duct (10) and vomeronasal organ (9). 
l = dens incisivus; 5 = cutis; 6 = septum nasale; 7 = concha nasalis dorsalis; 8 = concha nasalis 
dorsalis; 9 = organum vomeronasale; 10 = ductus nasolacrimalis; ll = processus alveolaris; 
12 = ductus incisivus; 13 = os nasale; 14=palatum durum; 15=:vomer; 16 = cavum oris; 17 = 
maxilla; A = meatus nasi dorsalis; B = meatus nasi medius; C = meatus nasi ventralis. 
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