Head 
Figure 2-3: Sagittal section sketch of skull and adjacent parts of neck of adult hamster at level of nasal septum 
(nasal septum lacking). l=os nasale; 4 = os frontale; 5 = os parietale; 6 = os interparietale; 12 = dens incisivum; 
14 = endoturbinale I; 15 = endoturbina!e II; 16 = endoturbinale ifl; 17 = endoturbinale IV; 18 = choanae; 19 = os 
sphenoidale; 22 = lingua; 23 = palatum molle; 24=palatum durum; 25 = concha nasalis dorsalis; 26 = concha 
nasalis ventralis; 27 = naris; 28 = bulbus olfactorius; 29 = cerebrum; 30 = adhesio interthalamica; 31 = pons; 33 = 
cerebellum; 34=medulla spinalis; 35 = vertebrae cervicales; 36 = trachea; 37 = esophagus; 38 = larynx; 39 = carti- 
lago arytaenoidea; 40= epiglottis; 41 = cavum oris; 42 = mandibula; 45 = medulla oblongata: A = meatus nasi 
dorsalis; B = meatus nasi medius; C = meatus nasi ventralis; D = nasopharynx. 
Figure 2-4: Sagittal section of skull after fixation in 4% formalin; nasal septum 
removed except at rostral end of ventral meatus. Note well-developed turbinal 
apparatus. 
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